On February 2, 1819, the Supreme Court handed down its decision in the case between Dartmouth College and the New Hampshire State Legislature. The case began in 1816 when the New Hampshire State Legislature changed the 1769 Royal Charter that had been issued at the time of Dartmouth College's founding, handing over the management of the college to a board of trustees appointed by the state. The old board sued the new executive director, W. Woodward, claiming that the act of the state legislature was unconstitutional. The state court upheld the act of the state legislature and found it constitutional, but the college appealed, and Chief Justice J. Marshall declared that the act of the state legislature, which had violated this contract, was unconstitutional and invalid, considering that the charter was a contract with a private corporation. This decision promoted the growth of private enterprise, but on the other hand, it also encouraged the abuse of private privileges, and Marshall's opinion was significantly changed in the Charles Bridge case of 1837. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
1819年2月2日,アメリカ連邦最高裁判所でダートマス大学とニューハンプシャー州議会との間の訴訟事件に下された判決。事件の発端は 16年にニューハンプシャー州議会が,ダートマス大学の創立時に下付された 1769年のイギリス国王特許状に変更を加え,同大学の運営権を州から任命された理事会にゆだねたことにある。旧理事会はこの州議会の行為を憲法違反であるとして新事務局長 W.ウッドワードを訴えた。州裁判所は州議会の行為を支持し合憲であるとしたが,大学側は上告し,連邦最高裁判所長官 J.マーシャルは,特許状を私的な法人との契約とみなし州議会の行為はこの契約をそこなうもので違憲であり無効であると宣告した。この判決は私的企業の成長を促進したが,逆にその特権の濫用をも誘発し,1837年のチャールズ橋事件の判決でマーシャルの意見に大幅な変更が加えられた。
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