Building Protection Law - Tatemonohogoho

The abbreviation for the "Law Concerning the Protection of Buildings" (Law No. 40 of 1899). In 1991, the Land and House Lease Law was abolished along with the Land and House Lease Laws (Law No. 90). The Land and House Lease Law inherited the basic parts of the three laws, including the Building Protection Law, and has been significantly revised in response to social and economic changes, but as a transitional measure, the effectiveness of the old law is maintained to a certain extent. The Building Protection Law was enacted to protect land tenants from earthquake sales (in which a landowner sells land for the purpose of raising rent when surface rights and leasehold rights are established but not registered), which were common during the sudden rise in land prices after the Russo-Japanese War. If the land that is the subject of a lease is transferred, it cannot be asserted against the transferee of the land unless the leasehold is registered. The Civil Code allows for the registration of real estate leasehold rights (Article 605), but since the lessor has no obligation to cooperate with the registration, this is in name only. Therefore, the Building Protection Law allowed for a simpler method to protect surface rights or land lease rights for the purpose of owning buildings. In other words, if the building on the ground is registered, the lease rights can be asserted against third parties such as new landowners (Article 1). This provision was basically carried over to the Land and House Lease Law (Article 10, Paragraph 1), but the Law went beyond protecting buildings to protecting lease rights (Article 10, Paragraph 2). This means that the lease rights remain effective even if the building is destroyed.

[Takahisa Awaji]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

「建物保護ニ関スル法律」（明治42年法律40号）の略称。1991年（平成3）借地借家法の制定（法律90号）により、借地法、借家法とともに廃止された。借地借家法は、建物保護法など3法の基本部分を受け継ぎつつ、社会・経済の変化に応じて大幅な修正を加えているが、経過措置として、旧法の効力は一定の範囲で維持されている。建物保護法は、日露戦争後の地価暴騰の際に盛んに行われた地震売買（地上権、賃借権を設定しながら登記をしない場合に、地主が地代値上げの目的でその土地を売却すること）に対し、借地人を保護するために制定された。賃貸借の目的たる土地の譲渡があった場合、借地の登記がなければ、土地の譲受人に対抗できない。民法は不動産賃借権の登記を認めたが（605条）、賃貸人に登記協力の義務がないため、これは有名無実となっている。そこで建物保護法は、建物の所有を目的とする地上権または土地の賃借権を保護するため、もっと簡便な方法を認めた。すなわち、地上建物の登記をすれば、借地権をもって新地主などの第三者に対抗できるものとしたのである（1条）。なお、この規定は借地借家法に基本的に受け継がれた（借地借家法10条1項）が、同法は、建物の保護から借地権の保護へと進めている（同2項）。建物の滅失があっても借地権の効力はある、ということ。

［淡路剛久］

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