Chrysostom, John

Japanese: クリュソストモス（英語表記）Chrysostomos， Jōhannēs; Chrysostom， John

[Born] 347. Antioch
Died September 14, 407. Comana, Pontus. Archbishop of Constantinople, preacher, Bible commentator, saint, and Doctor of the Church. Baptized in 370, he became a monk and studied the Bible. Later, he returned to Antioch and became a bishop (386), where he preached. After his death, he was called Chrysostom, or John "with the golden mouth," in honor of his eloquence. In 398, he succeeded Nektario as Archbishop of Constantinople, but his reform efforts angered Empress Eudoxia, and he was exiled (403). He was pardoned once, but was exiled again to Asia Minor (404). As a Bible commentator, he was a representative of the Antiochene school, and emphasized the author's meaning rather than figurative interpretation, and used historical methods. He was given the title of Doctor of the Blessed Sacrament because of the importance he attached to the Supper. His books include "On Priests" and "On Statues."

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]347頃.アンチオキア
[没]407.9.14. ポントゥス，コマナ
コンスタンチノープルの大司教で，説教家，聖書注釈家，聖人，教会博士。 370年キリスト教の洗礼を受けて修道生活に入り聖書を研究。のちアンチオキアに戻り司教となり (386) ，説教活動に従事。彼の死後その雄弁をたたえてクリュソストモスすなわち「黄金の口の」ヨハネと称された。 398年ネクタリオスの後任としてコンスタンチノープル大司教に就任したが，その改革努力が女帝エウドクシアの怒りを買って流謫された (403) 。いったんは許されたが再び小アジアへ追放 (404) 。聖書注釈家としてはアンチオキア学派の代表的存在で，比喩的解釈よりも著者の言わんとする意味を重視し，歴史的方法を用いるものであった。晩餐を重要視したことから聖餐博士の称号をもつ。『司祭論』『彫像について』などの著書がある。

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