Tate - Tate

Japanese: 館 - たて

(1) It can also be read as "tachi" or "yakata." Originally, it referred to families of the sixth rank or lower, but later came to refer to their residences. In particular, during the Heian period, it referred to the residences of kokushi (provincial governors) and gunji (district governors), but from the mid-Heian period onwards, as local feudal lords became warriors, it came to mean residences with military facilities such as forts. Examples are Yamadate, Hiradate, and Numadate. Many of these were renovated by feudal lords from the Sengoku period to the Azuchi-Momoyama period, and became modern castles. In the Edo period, due to the One Castle per Province Law, tate was no longer included in castles. In the Sendai domain, types of forts were divided into castles, tate, fortresses, and others, but tate was ranked second to castles and referred to the forts of the feudal lord's family and senior vassals. (2) There are sites of earthen castles in Oshu and Hokkaido. In the Ainu language, it is called chashi, which refers to one type of tate, but the relationship between tate and chashi and the origin of chashi are not clear in many places.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

(1) 「たち」「やかた」とも読む。もともと，六位以下の家柄をさしたが，次いでその邸宅をさすようになった。特に平安時代には国司や郡司の邸宅をさしたが，中期以降，地方土豪の武士化につれて，砦など軍備を伴った居所を意味するようになった。山館 (やまだて) ，平館，沼館などがそれである。戦国時代から安土桃山時代にかけて，大名によって改修され，近世の城郭となったものが多い。江戸時代には一国一城令により，館は城に含まれないものとなった。仙台藩では，城砦の種類として，城，館，要害，その他に分けたが，館は城の次に位し，藩主の一族，重臣などの城砦を意味した。 (2) 奥羽，北海道には土城址と呼ばれるものがある。アイヌ語でチャシと呼ばれ，館の一類型を示すが，館とチャシとの関係，チャシの起源には分明でないところが多い。

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