Gravity is generally considered to be the most constant physical quantity observed on Earth, but when examined in detail, it fluctuates over time. Tidal variations in gravity are a well-known phenomenon, but it is also believed that there are other secular variations. The causes of these are thought to be (1) changes in the gravitational constant, (2) variations in the Earth's shape, mass, and rotational speed, (3) changes in the global distribution of the Earth's mass, and (4) changes in the distribution of mass near the Earth's surface. (4) is thought to be derived from the atmosphere and hydrosphere, such as the general circulation of the atmosphere, precipitation, groundwater movement, glacier movement and melting, and from the lithosphere, such as earthquakes, volcanic activity, erosion, sedimentation, compaction, and crustal movement. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
一般に重力値は地球上で観測される諸量のうちで最も恒常性の高い物理量であるとみなされているが,詳しくみると時間的に変動している。重力の潮汐変動はよく知られている現象であるが,そのほかに永年的な変動もあることが推定されている。その原因として,(1)万有引力定数の変化,(2)地球の形状,質量,自転速度の変動,(3)大局的な地球質量分布の変動,(4)地表付近での質量分布の変動,が考えられ,(4)には大気大循環,降水,地下水の移動,氷河の移動および融氷など気・水圏由来のものと,地震火山活動,浸食・堆積,圧密,地殻変動など岩圏由来のものが考えられる。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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