Wild birds and animals captured by hunting and their meat. Also called game meat. Gibier dishes using wild game as an ingredient are widespread in Europe, where hunting has been popular since ancient times, and are available in general markets from autumn to winter when hunting is allowed. In Europe, wild game such as pheasant, partridge, and mallard, as well as wild animals such as hare, deer, and wild boar, are cooked and eaten in a variety of ways. Japan has had a long history of eating game meat, including the "matagi" of hunters who lived in the mountainous areas of the Tohoku region. They ate meat from deer, wild boar, bear, antelope, raccoon dog, rabbit, pheasant, snipe, and other animals. In recent years, the custom of eating game meat has faded, but the number of cases of capturing deer and wild boar has increased from the viewpoint of protecting agricultural crop damage and the living environment, and accordingly, the number of places and opportunities to eat game meat has increased. In 2010, the number of wild boars and deer captured through hunting was about 230,000 and about 170,000, and is increasing year by year. In particular, in Nagano Prefecture and parts of the Kinki region, there is a vigorous movement to utilize the high protein and low fat qualities of deer and wild boar meat to promote regional development. In 2013, a hamburger chain with stores in the Kanto region released a burger made from deer meat produced in Nagano Prefecture, which became a hot topic. The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare urges people to avoid eating wild bird and animal meat raw and to thoroughly heat it to prevent zoonotic diseases. In a survey of 976 Japanese deer captured in 16 regions nationwide in 2007 by the Hyogo Prefectural Forest Animal Research Center, the prevalence of hepatitis E virus antibodies was 2.6%. Another survey in 2006 showed that the antibody prevalence rate for wild boars was as high as 27.5%. Although the possibility of infection from deer meat is low, the virus may be attached during meat processing. In addition to hepatitis E, caution is also required against enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection (O157) and the parasite Paragonimus westermani, and thorough heat processing is required before eating. [Editorial Department] [Reference] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
狩猟によって捕獲された野生鳥獣やその食肉。狩猟肉ともいう。ジビエを材料とするジビエ料理は、古くから狩猟の盛んだったヨーロッパでは浸透しており、狩猟が解禁となる秋から冬の季節には一般の市場にも出回る。ヨーロッパでは野禽(やきん)のキジ、ヤマウズラ、マガモをはじめ、野生獣の野ウサギ、シカ、イノシシなどの肉をさまざまな調理法で食している。 日本にも東北地方の山間部に居住した狩人(かりゅうど)の「またぎ」をはじめ、狩猟肉の食文化が古くからあり、シカやイノシシ、クマ、カモシカ、タヌキ、ウサギ、キジ、シギなどの肉が食べられていた。近年は狩猟肉を食べる慣習は薄れていたが、農作物被害や生活環境の保護の観点から、おもにシカとイノシシを捕獲するケースが増え、これに応じて狩猟肉を食べる場所や機会が増えた。2010年(平成22)の狩猟による捕獲数は、イノシシ約23万頭、シカ約17万頭で、年々増加している。とくに長野県や近畿地方の一部では、高タンパクで低脂肪であるシカ肉やイノシシ肉のよさを生かし、地域振興につなげようとする動きが活発である。2013年には関東地方で店舗展開するハンバーガーチェーンが、長野県産のシカ肉バーガーを発売して話題となった。 厚生労働省では野生鳥獣の肉を食用する際には、人獣共通感染症を防止するために生食を避け、十分加熱処理をするように呼びかけている。兵庫県森林動物研究センターが2007年に全国16地域で捕獲されたニホンジカ(976頭)について行った調査では、E型肝炎ウイルス抗体の保有率は2.6%であった。また、2006年の別の調査では、イノシシの抗体保有率は27.5%と高かった。シカ肉による感染の可能性は低いものの、食肉の加工処理過程でウイルスが付着する可能性もある。また、E型肝炎ばかりでなく、腸管出血性大腸菌感染症(O157)、寄生虫ウェステルマン肺吸虫に対する注意も必要であり、食べるときは十分な加熱処理が求められる。 [編集部] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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