Dashiman (English spelling)

Japanese: ダシマン（英語表記）Dashiman

A term used to refer to Muslim priests in the Yuan Dynasty in China. A transliteration of the Iranian word dānishmand, meaning "learned person." It appears frequently in Yuan documents, and according to the Phags-pa Mongolian text, it was pronounced with a corrupted pronunciation as dashiman at the time. Originally, there was no clerical class in Islam, but in the Yuan Dynasty, dashimans were given privileges such as tax exemption just like Buddhist monks, Taoist priests, and Nestorian monks, so it is thought that Islamic scholars or religious leaders who were in fact full-time religious workers were called "daoshiman."

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

中国，元代のイスラム教司祭者の呼称。〈学識ある人〉を意味するイラン語dānishmandの音訳。元代の文献に多く見え，パスパ字モンゴル文によれば当時dashimanとなまって発音されていたことがわかる。本来，イスラム教には僧侶階級は存在しないが，元では仏僧，道士，ネストリウス派僧と同様にダシマンにも免税等の特権が与えられているから，実際上宗教専従者にあたるイスラム学僧ないし宗教指導者を〈答失蛮〉と呼んだと思われる。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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