Ishtar - Ishtar (English spelling)

Japanese: イシュタル - いしゅたる(英語表記)Ištar
Ishtar - Ishtar (English spelling)

A goddess worshipped in the Assyrian and Babylonian regions of ancient Mesopotamia. She is thought to be related to the South Semitic god Astar, and was later worshipped by the West Semitic Phoenicians as Astarte. She is also thought to have some connection to the Greek goddess Aphrodite. She is the successor to the Sumerian goddess Inanna (Sumerian Nin-anna, meaning "wife of the heavenly god"), and as a celestial deity she represented Venus, the daughter of the heavenly god Anu. Uruk in southern Mesopotamia was the center of Inanna-Ishtar worship, and there was a temple dedicated to her there. In the Assyro-Babylonian "Tammuz Myth," for example, in "The Descent of Ishtar into the Underworld," Ishtar is depicted as a mother goddess who descends to the underworld in pursuit of the plant god Tammuz (Dum-di-Abzu in Sumerian, meaning "True Son of the Abyss"), who dies in winter and rises in spring, while in the "Epic of Gilgamesh," she is depicted as a combative goddess who seduces the hero Gilgamesh, becomes enraged when he rejects her, and starts a fight. In this way, she was the guardian deity of love and fertility, as well as a goddess with a masculine warrior character.

[Yajima Fumio]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

古代メソポタミアのアッシリア・バビロニア地方で崇拝された女神。南セム人の男神アスタルと関係があると思われ、後代には西セム人のフェニキアで、アシュタルテの名で崇拝された。ギリシアの女神アフロディテともなんらかのつながりがあると考えられる。この女神はシュメールの女神イナンナ(シュメール語でニン・アンナ、「天神の奥方」の意)を引き継ぐもので、天体神としては天神アヌの娘である金星を表すものとされた。南メソポタミアのウルクが、イナンナ=イシュタル崇拝の中心地であり、ここにはこの女神に捧(ささ)げられた神殿があった。アッシリア・バビロニアの『タンムーズ神話』の、たとえば『イシュタルの冥界(めいかい)下降』では、冬に死んで春によみがえる植物神タンムーズ(シュメール語でドゥム・ジ・アブズ、「深淵の真の子」の意)を追いかけて冥界まで下る地母神的な女神として表されているが、他方『ギルガメシュ叙事詩』では、英雄ギルガメシュを誘惑して拒否されると、激怒して戦いを引き起こすという戦闘的な女神が描かれている。このように愛と豊饒(ほうじょう)の守り神であるとともに、男性的な戦士の性格をもつ女神であった。

[矢島文夫]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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