It is an Arabic word meaning "to make an effort," but in Islamic theology and jurisprudence it means the act of determining doctrine and enacting laws, specifically the application of qiyas (analogy) to the Quran and hadith, and those who do this are called mujtahids. In the 10th century, legal scholars said that "the gates of ijtihad were closed," and subsequent legal scholars called them muqallids (those who simply follow the opinions of their predecessors), but since then, Ibn Taymiyya, the Wahhabis, Muhammad Abduh, and others have strongly advocated the reopening and exercise of the gates of ijtihad. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
〈努力すること〉を意味するアラビア語であるが,イスラム神学・法学の用語としては,教義決定および立法の行為,具体的にはコーラン,ハディースへのキヤース(類推)の適用を意味し,これを行うものをムジュタヒドという。法学者は10世紀に〈イジュティハードの門は閉ざされた〉といい,その後の法学者はムカッリド(先人の意見にそのまま従う者)であるとしたが,その後現在まで,イブン・タイミーヤをはじめワッハーブ派,ムハンマド・アブドゥフなどによってイジュティハードの門の再開と行使が強く主張されている。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
>>: Ishtar - Ishtar (English spelling)
Bookkeeping for commercial purposes. Bookkeeping ...
...Kihassoku is the name used mainly in various p...
...In response to the crisis, King Jugurtha's...
〘 noun 〙 Starch made by crushing the bulbs of kata...
…Also known as α-ecdysone and prothoracic hormone...
…It is the central city of Central Bohemia and wa...
…the glenoid cavity is shallow, allowing for grea...
Abbreviation for Macintosh Audio Compression and E...
A general term for animals that form coral reefs, ...
Bivalve mollusks, family Bivalvia. A large species...
Mountaineer and adventurer. Born in Hyogo Prefect...
Born: June 19, 1896 in Pennsylvania [Died] April 2...
A weapon carried by police officers in the Edo pe...
The Buganda Kingdom was a traditionalist land reco...
…these are used in games such as ombre, squirt, a...