Dacia - Dacia (English spelling)

Japanese: ダキア - だきあ(英語表記)Dacia
Dacia - Dacia (English spelling)

An ancient Roman province. The area was located in southeastern Europe, on the north bank of the lower Danube bend. It is roughly equivalent to present-day Romania. The Dacians were an agricultural people who absorbed Celtic culture in the 4th century BC, developed gold, silver, and iron mines in the Carpathian Mountains, and traded with the Greeks from around 300 BC, and with the Greek cities of Illyricum and Italian merchants from the 2nd century BC. Their main import was wine. The Dacian tribes, which had been divided, were united by Burevistas around 60 BC, and under him they conquered the Celts and Illyrians, threatening the Roman province of Macedonia, but after his death their power weakened due to internal conflicts. Their military power was restored under Decebalus at the end of the 1st century AD. The Roman conquest of Dacia was achieved by the two Dacian Wars (101-102 and 105-106) of Emperor Trajan, which are depicted on the Trajan's Column in Rome. The city developed with the influx of people from Illyricum and the eastern provinces, but the Goths invaded Dacia in the mid-3rd century, leading to Aurelian's abandonment of Dacia around 270. In the 4th century, the name Dacia was used as the name of the Roman province along the south bank of the lower Danube.

[Masatoshi Ichikawa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

古代ローマの属州。ヨーロッパ南東部、ドナウ川下流湾曲部の北岸の地域。おおよそ現在のルーマニアにあたる。ダキア人は農耕民族で、紀元前4世紀にケルト文化を吸収し、カルパティア山脈の金・銀・鉄の鉱山を開発、前300年ごろからギリシア人と、前2世紀からはイリリクムのギリシア人諸都市やイタリア商人とも交易した。主要な輸入品はワインであった。分裂していたダキアの諸部族は前60年ごろブレビスタスBurebistasにより統一され、彼のもとでケルト人やイリリア人を征服してローマの属州マケドニアを脅かすまでになったが、彼の死後内部抗争により力は衰えた。紀元後1世紀末にデケバルスDecebalusのもとで軍事力は再興。ローマによるダキア征服はトラヤヌス帝の二度にわたるダキア戦争(101~102、105~106)により行われた。この戦争の模様はローマにあるトラヤヌスの記念柱に彫られている。イリリクムや東部諸属州からの人口流入で都市が発展したが、3世紀中ごろのゴート人の侵入の結果、アウレリアヌス帝は270年ごろダキアを放棄。4世紀にはダキアという名称はドナウ川下流南岸沿いのローマの属州名として使われた。

[市川雅俊]

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