One gene, one polypeptide theory

Japanese: 一遺伝子一ポリペプチド説 - いちいでんしいちぽりぺぷちどせつ
One gene, one polypeptide theory

... Thus, it was thought that genes directly controlled the production of specific enzymes, and that genes controlled the biosynthetic products through these enzymes. Later, it was discovered that the production of not only enzymes but also proteins other than enzymes is under the direct control of genes, and that many proteins are composed of multiple homogeneous or heterogeneous polypeptides, so the one-gene-one-enzyme theory was revised and expanded to the one-gene-one-polypeptide theory (Hartman PE Hartman, 1965).
[Classical concept of genes]
On the other hand, J. Belling et al. (1928) showed that pachytene chromosomes have a beaded structure consisting of chromosomes and thread-like parts connecting them, and C.B. Bridges et al. (1935) showed that salivary gland chromosomes consist of highly stainable horizontal stripes and less stainable intervening parts. This led to the idea that chromosomes and horizontal stripes correspond to genes.

*Some of the terminology that refers to the "one gene, one polypeptide theory" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…こうして,遺伝子が直接支配するのは特定酵素の生産であり,この酵素を媒介にして遺伝子が生合成産物を支配するものと考えられるようになった。その後,酵素はもちろんのこと,酵素以外のタンパク質の生産も遺伝子の直接的支配下にあること,およびタンパク質の多くは複数の同種あるいは異種ポリペプチドからなることがわかってきたため,一遺伝子一酵素説は一遺伝子一ポリペプチド説に修正・拡張されることになった(ハルトマンP.E.Hartman,1965)。
[遺伝子の古典概念]
 一方,ベリングJ.Belling(1928)らにより太糸期染色体が染色小粒とそれをつなぐ糸状部分からなる数珠状構造を示すこと,およびC.B.ブリッジズ(1935)らにより唾腺(だせん)染色体が染色性の高い横縞部分と染色性の低い介在部分からなることが明らかにされ,染色小粒や横縞が遺伝子に対応するという考えが生まれた。…

※「一遺伝子一ポリペプチド説」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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