Sociologist and economist. Born in Saga Prefecture on December 27, 1883. Graduated from Kyoto Imperial University's Department of Philosophy in 1910 (Meiji 43). After studying at graduate school under the guidance of Yoneda Shoutarou, he served as professor at Hiroshima Higher Normal School, Tokyo University of Commerce, and Kyushu Imperial University. In 1929 (Showa 4), he became professor at Kyoto Imperial University and director of the Institute of Ethnology (1943-1945). After being banned from teaching after World War II, he returned to his position as professor at Osaka University in 1951 (Showa 26). In 1964, he was awarded the Order of Cultural Merit. The system of sociology known as "Takada Sociology" was completed with works such as "Principles of Sociology" (1919), "Introduction to Sociology" (1922), and "Studies on Social Relations" (1926), but he always positioned sociology as a special sociology and opposed the general sociological tendency of Comte and Spencer. He defined society as "the union of sentient beings" or "the readiness for unlimited contact," and viewed sociology as the study of human union. To explain social structure and social change, the former used two principles: "homogenization through herd living" and "heterogenization through the desire for power." As for the latter, he presented a new principle against the materialist and idealistic views of history, emphasizing the "third view of history," that is, changes due to population growth. His associative sociology was so influential that it influenced such thinkers as Germany's Vierkant and America's MacIver, and he made many contributions as a great pioneer in the field of Japanese sociology. In his later years, he devoted himself to research as an economist, but his "Power Theory" (1940) also has a sociological basis. He was also active in many other fields, including "Ethnic Group Theory" (1941). He passed away on February 2, 1972. [Suzuki Yukitoshi] "Principles of Sociology" (1919, Iwanami Shoten) ▽ "Introduction to Sociology" (1922, 1971, Iwanami Shoten / 2003, Minerva Shobo) ▽ "Takada Sociology" by Yasujiro Ohmichi (1953, Yuhikaku) [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
社会学者、経済学者。明治16年12月27日、佐賀県に生まれる。1910年(明治43)京都帝国大学哲学科卒業。米田庄太郎(よねだしょうたろう)の指導を受け、大学院で研鑽(けんさん)後、広島高等師範学校、東京商科大学、九州帝国大学教授などを歴任。1929年(昭和4)京都帝大教授、民族研究所所長(1943~1945)を経て、第二次世界大戦後は教職追放になったが、1951年(昭和26)大阪大学教授として復職。1964年文化功労者となる。「高田社会学」とよばれる社会学の体系は、『社会学原理』(1919)、『社会学概論』(1922)、『社会関係の研究』(1926)などによって完成をみたが、終始、社会学を一特殊社会学として位置づけ、コントやスペンサーなどの総合社会学的傾向に反対した。社会を「有情者の結合」あるいは「不限定なる接触への用意」と規定、社会学を人間結合の学とみた。 社会構造および社会変動の説明としては、前者は、「群居性による同質化」と「力の欲求による異質化」の2原理を用い、後者については、「第三史観」すなわち人口の増加による変動を重視して唯物および唯心史観に対し、新しい原理を提示した。彼の結合社会学は、ドイツのフィーアカントやアメリカのマッキーバーなどにも影響を与えたほどであり、日本社会学界の偉大な先駆者として貢献するところが多かった。晩年は経済学者としてその研究に精力を注いだが、その『勢力論』(1940)も社会学的発想の基盤がある。そのほか『民族論』(1941)など多方面の活躍をしている。昭和47年2月2日死去。 [鈴木幸寿] 『『社会学原理』(1919・岩波書店)』▽『『社会学概論』(1922、1971・岩波書店/2003・ミネルヴァ書房)』▽『大道安次郎著『高田社会学』(1953・有斐閣)』 [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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