This library was established in 1948 (Showa 23) when the National Diet Library Law was enacted. Its English name is the National Diet Library. The following year, in 1949, it merged with the Ueno Library (Imperial Library) in Ueno, Tokyo, as a branch library, and in 1961, the main building (Nagatacho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo) was completed next to the National Diet Building, moving from the former Akasaka Imperial Palace (State Guest House), where it had been temporarily located. In 1986, a new building was constructed next to the main building. In preparation for the library's ever-growing collection, the Kansai-kan of the National Diet Library was built in Kansai Culture and Academic Research City to take on new functions such as an electronic library, and opened in October 2002 (Heisei 14). The branch Ueno Library was also renovated, and the International Children's Library was opened in 2000 as Japan's first national library specializing in children's books (it opened fully in 2002). The first director was the constitutional scholar Kanamori Tokujiro (1886-1959), and the deputy director was the philosopher Nakai Masakazu (1900-1952). After that, until the 2000s, the secretaries-general of both the House of Representatives and the House of Councillors were chosen as directors. [Yukio Fujino and Takeo Noguchi, January 21, 2021] HistoryThere had been a demand for the establishment of a national library since the Meiji period, but the Imperial Library in Ueno fulfilled some of the functions, and both Houses of the Diet had small collections for their members since the days of the House of Peers and the House of Representatives. After World War II, a movement arose to establish a new national library, and a mission was sent from the United States. This mission, sent by the Library of Congress and the American Library Association, followed the example of the Library of Congress and made the following recommendations: that the library should be a library for the Diet, but at the same time, it should comprehensively collect domestic books, provide responsible bibliographical descriptions, and be made available to the general public, and that the director should be a person of the rank of a Minister of State. Based on this, the National Diet Library Act was enacted. [Yukio Fujino and Takeo Noguchi, January 21, 2021] Functions and ActivitiesThe National Diet Library Law requires that all domestic publications be deposited in the National Diet Library, which has laid the foundation for comprehensive collection of materials. Based on this, the library provides accurate bibliographic information of all publications on its website as "National Bibliographic Data." The National Diet Library consists of the Tokyo Main Library, the Kansai-kan Library, the International Library of Children's Literature, and 27 branch libraries for the administrative and judicial sectors. The Tokyo Main Library has a Research and Legislative Reference Bureau that contributes to Diet deliberations, and has researchers in law, politics, economics, and other fields. It also has a department for collecting, organizing, and providing services to materials. In addition to providing services to the Diet, as a library for the public, it offers in-library browsing, answers reference questions, and lends and provides other services to public libraries, university libraries, school libraries, and special libraries throughout the country. It is a full member of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA), and is also promoting international activities. [Yukio Fujino and Takeo Noguchi, January 21, 2021] "National Diet Library, ed., Thirty Year History" (1979)" ▽ "National Diet Library Encyclopedia" (1988, Shuppan Newssha), edited by the National Diet Library Encyclopedia Editorial Committee and supervised by the National Diet Library" ▽ "National Diet Library, ed., The Work of the National Diet Library - Collecting, Preserving, Creating" (1997, Nichigai Associates)" ▽ "Introduction to the National Diet Library" (1998, San-ichi Shinsho), edited by the NDL Introduction Editorial Committee [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
1948年(昭和23)「国立国会図書館法」の制定に伴い設置された図書館。英語名はNational Diet Library。翌1949年、東京の上野にあった、上野図書館(帝国図書館)を支部図書館として合併、1961年国会議事堂わきに本館(東京都千代田区永田町)を完成し、それまで仮住まいしていた旧赤坂離宮(迎賓館)から移った。1986年本館に隣接して新館を建設。増え続ける蔵書に備え、電子図書館などの新たな機能を担う国立国会図書館関西館を関西文化学術研究都市に建設し、2002年(平成14)10月に開館した。また、支部上野図書館を改修、日本初の国立の児童書専門図書館として国際子ども図書館を2000年に開館した(全面開館は2002年)。 初代館長は憲法学者の金森徳次郎(1886―1959)、副館長は哲学者の中井正一(まさかず)(1900―1952)であったが、その後2000年代まで衆参両院の事務総長が館長に選ばれていた。 [藤野幸雄・野口武悟 2021年1月21日] 沿革国立図書館設立の要望は明治時代からあったが、上野の帝国図書館がその機能を一部果たし、また議会両院には、貴族院・衆議院時代から議員のための小コレクションがあった。第二次世界大戦後、国立図書館を新しく整備する動きがおこり、アメリカから使節団がよばれた。アメリカ議会図書館とアメリカ図書館協会から派遣されたこの使節団は、アメリカ議会図書館の例に倣い、次のことを勧告した。すなわち、国会のための図書館であると同時に、国内図書の網羅的収集とその責任ある書誌記述を行い、広く国民の利用に供すること、館長は国務大臣級の人物をあてることなどであった。これに基づき国立国会図書館法が制定された。 [藤野幸雄・野口武悟 2021年1月21日] 機能と活動国内の出版物は、国立国会図書館法により、すべて国立国会図書館への納本が義務づけられ、これによって網羅的な資料収集の基盤ができあがった。同館はこれをもとに全出版物の正確な書誌情報を「全国書誌データ」として同館のウェブサイトで提供している。 国立国会図書館は、東京本館、関西館、国際子ども図書館および行政・司法各部門の支部図書館(27館)で構成されている。東京本館には、国会審議に資する調査及び立法考査局があり、法律、政治、経済その他の分野で調査員を置いている。また、資料の収集、整理、サービス部門などがある。国会に対するサービスとともに、国民のための図書館として、館内閲覧、参考調査(レファレンス)質問への回答を行い、国内の公共図書館、大学図書館、学校図書館、専門図書館への貸出しその他のサービスを行っている。国際図書館連盟International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions(IFLA(イフラ))に正会員として加入し、国際的な活動も推進している。 [藤野幸雄・野口武悟 2021年1月21日] 『国立国会図書館編・刊『国立国会図書館三十年史』(1979)』▽『国立国会図書館百科編集委員会編、国立国会図書館監修『国立国会図書館百科』(1988・出版ニュース社)』▽『国立国会図書館編著『国立国会図書館のしごと――集める・のこす・創り出す』(1997・日外アソシエーツ)』▽『NDL入門編集委員会編『国立国会図書館入門』(1998・三一新書)』 [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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