A traditional hereditary official in the Maratha region of India (the area centered on today's Maharashtra state), also known as Desai. It is translated as "town head." They governed areas of several dozen to several hundred villages, and their powers and roles included collecting taxes, military affairs, and maintaining public order in the area. In return for these duties, the state granted them tax-free land in certain areas and various shares from the villages on a hereditary basis. Under British rule, they served as district tax collectors, supervising and reporting on cultivation and collecting taxes. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
インドのマラーター地方(今日のマハーラーシュトラ州を中心とする地域)の伝統的世襲役人であり,デーサーイDesāiともよばれる。〈郷主〉と訳されている。数十ヵ村から数百ヵ村の地域を統轄し,その権限・役割としては地域の徴税,軍事,治安維持がある。それらの任務に対して,国家から特定地域の免租地や村からの種々の取り分が世襲的に認められた。イギリス支配のもとでは,彼らは県の徴税役人として耕作の監督・報告,徴税業務にたずさわった。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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