Allmende (English spelling) [Germany]

Japanese: アルメンデ（英語表記）Allmende[ドイツ]

A common land, which developed typically in the European Middle Ages, is owned by a community and its members have usufruct rights. Compared to individually owned and used house plots, or individually owned open cultivated land, which is used under community regulations, it is the space in which communal relations are strongest. It exists in both rural and urban areas, and is often formed across multiple communities. It may also include roads, streams, and cemeteries, but the main types of land are forests and wastelands, and the use of this land for grazing livestock, gathering timber, grass, and fodder, hunting, etc., was often done without dividing the land.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

ヨーロッパ中世で典型的に発達した，共同体が所有しその成員が用益権を持つ共同地。個別的に所有･用益される屋敷地や，個別的に所有されるが共同体規制のもとに用益される開放耕地と比べて，共同的関係が最も強い空間をなす。農村と都市を通じて存在し，複数の共同体にまたがって形成されることも多い。道路，水流，墓地などを含むこともあるが，主たる土地種目は，森林と荒蕪地（こうぶち）で，家畜の放牧，木材･刈敷･飼料の採取，狩猟などによる用益は，この土地を分割せずに行われることが多かった。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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