Townshend Acts

Japanese: タウンゼンド諸法 - タウンゼンドしょほう（英語表記）Townshend Acts

Four Acts passed by the British Parliament between June and autumn 1767. They were drafted by C. Townshend, Chancellor of the Exchequer in Pitt's cabinet, in response to growing resistance in the American colonies against British colonial policies following the French and Indian War. These Acts were (1) an Act ordering the suspension of the legislative functions of the New York Assembly, which had rejected the Quartering Act; (2) the Townshend Revenue Act, which imposed import taxes on lead, ink, paper, glass, tea, etc., and used part of the revenue for the salaries of the Governor and other officials; (3) an Act to establish the U.S. Customs Service; and (4) an Act to expand the Admiralty Courts System. These Acts were seen as a further strengthening of the British mercantilism system, and provoked strong resentment from the colonists. A resistance movement similar to that which had been seen in the Stamp Act unfolded, and as a result, (2) the Revenue Act was repealed, with only the tea clause remaining.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

1767年6月から秋にかけてイギリス議会を通過した4つの法律。フレンチ・アンド・インディアン戦争後のイギリスの対植民地政策に対してアメリカ植民地での抵抗が高まったとき，ピット (大) 内閣の蔵相 C.タウンゼンドが立案したもの。 (1) 軍隊宿営法を拒否したニューヨーク議会の立法機能の停止を命じる法，(2) 鉛，インキ，紙，ガラス，茶などに輸入税をかけ，その収入の一部を総督その他官吏の給料にあてるタウンゼンド歳入法，(3) アメリカ税関管理局の設置法，(4) 海事裁判所機構の拡充法をさす。これらの法はイギリス重商主義体制の再強化として，植民地人の激しい反感を買い，印紙税法のときと同じような抵抗運動が展開され，その結果 (2) の歳入法は茶条項だけを残して撤回された。

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