Solar wind - taiyoufuu (English spelling) solar wind

Japanese: 太陽風 - たいようふう(英語表記)solar wind
Solar wind - taiyoufuu (English spelling) solar wind

A plasma flow from the sun. Plasma particles in the corona, which is at a high temperature of 2 million K (Kelvin), move at high speed. Protons, the main component of coronal plasma, move around at a speed of 200 kilometers per second. However, because the sun is so massive, the escape velocity from the solar surface is 617.5 kilometers per second, and even high-speed particles cannot escape near the surface. However, gravity weakens the further away you are, so in the coronal region that is 3 to 4 times the solar radius from the center of the sun (where the temperature is also high), the escape velocity is exceeded, and the particles escape the gravitational force of the sun and flow outward, becoming the solar wind. In the corona above the active region, the magnetic field lines are closed in a loop shape, making it difficult for plasma to flow out, but in coronal holes, the magnetic field lines are open outward, making it easier for plasma to flow out. The solar wind that flows out from there takes 3 to 4 days to reach the Earth. The solar wind near the Earth has a particle density of 1-10 particles per cubic centimeter, a temperature of about 100,000 K, a speed of 300-800 kilometers per second, and a weak magnetic field of about 1/100,000 Gauss. The influence of the solar wind causes the Earth to form a magnetosphere and causes comets to have long tails. The existence of the solar wind was theoretically predicted by Eugene N. Parker (1927- ) in 1958, and was discovered by early artificial satellites in the 1960s.

[Hiei Eijiro]

[References] | Corona | Magnetosphere | Sun

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

太陽から流れ出ているプラズマの流れ。200万K(ケルビン)という高温のコロナ中のプラズマ粒子は、高速で運動をしている。コロナのプラズマの主成分の陽子は秒速200キロメートルという速さで動きまわっている。しかし太陽は質量が大きいので、太陽表面からの脱出速度は秒速617.5キロメートルであり、高速の粒子であっても表面近くからは逃げられない。しかし、重力は離れるほど弱くなるので、太陽中心から太陽半径の3~4倍離れたコロナ領域(ここも高温である)では脱出速度を超えるようになり、太陽の引力を振り切って外に流れ出し太陽風となる。活動領域上のコロナは磁力線がループ状に閉じているのでプラズマは流出しにくいが、コロナ・ホールでは磁力線が外に向かって開いており流出しやすい。そこから流出する太陽風は3~4日かかって地球に到達する。地球近傍の太陽風は粒子密度が1立方センチメートル当り1~10個、温度約10万K、秒速300~800キロメ-トルで、10万分の1ガウス程度の弱い磁場を有する。太陽風の影響により、地球は地球磁気圏を形成するし、彗星(すいせい)は長い尾をなびかせる。太陽風はパーカーEugene N. Parker(1927― )が1958年に存在を理論的に予想し、1960年代の初期の人工衛星により発見された。

[日江井榮二郎]

[参照項目] | コロナ | 磁気圏 | 太陽

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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