Ancient Documents of Great Japan

Japanese: 大日本古文書 - だいにほんこもんじょ

A collection of ancient documents. It has been compiled and published since 1901 by the Historiographical Institute of the University of Tokyo. It contains all kinds of ancient documents, from imperial edicts, imperial decrees, imperial decrees, official notices, imperial orders, official letters, official letters, letters of appreciation, military loyalty, personal messages, and loan agreements. In some cases, it is organized chronologically, and in other cases, it is organized by the owner according to their own organization. There are three main types: (1) Chronological documents (25 volumes) It contains historical materials and documents from the Nara period, mainly those that were handed down in the Shosoin Repository from the 14th year of Emperor Tenmu (685) to the 11th year of Emperor Hoki (780), arranged in chronological order, and also includes documents that were handed down in various families. It consists of 6 main volumes, 17 volumes that were added through subsequent organization and discovery, and 2 supplementary volumes. Research on the Nara period includes the Nihon Shoki and Shoku Nihongi, but these chronological documents are government compilations, and are valuable because they remain the original historical materials. (2) Family documents These are compilations of documents owned by various families, and many of them are important documents from temples and shrines, and from samurai families. 119 volumes have been published. (3) Foreign-related documents from the end of the Edo period These are documents related to Japan and foreign countries from 1853 to 1868, and are published in chronological order. After the Meiji Restoration, the foreign-related documents of the shogunate were taken over from the Edo shogunate and kept by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. At first, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs tried to compile them based on these documents, but later the documents and the project were transferred to the Historiographical Department of Tokyo Imperial University. The Historiographical Department further collected related materials and published the first volume (February to July 1853) in 1901. The collection includes correspondence between the Imperial Court and the Shogunate, decrees and petitions from related government offices, opinions submitted to the Imperial Court and the Shogunate, memoranda from officials, and public observations and opinions. Since it was a time when national defense and diplomacy were considered to be the same, the collection also includes documents related to national defense, as well as documents related to the development of Ezo and the opening of ports. As of 1993, 44 volumes and 7 appendices have been published.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

古文書の叢書。東京大学史料編纂所で 1901年から編纂，刊行中。詔勅，綸旨 (りんじ) ，院宣，官符から御教書 (みぎょうしょ) ，下文 (くだしぶみ) ，感状，軍忠状，個人の消息，貸借の証文まで，あらゆる種類の古文書を，ある場合は年代順に整理し，ある場合は所蔵者ごとにその整理に従って収めている。大別して次の3種がある。 (1) 編年文書 (25冊) 　天武 14 (685) ～宝亀 11 (780) 年，主として正倉院に伝わった奈良時代の史料，文書を年代順にして収録し，諸家に伝わるものをも加えた。本編6冊，次々に整理発見されたものを追加 17冊，補遺2冊としている。奈良時代の研究には，『日本書紀』『続日本紀』があるが，政府の編纂物であり，この編年文書は原史料のままであって貴重である。 (2) 家わけ文書　諸家に所蔵されている文書を整理出版したもので，寺社文書，武家文書の重要なものが多い。既刊 119冊。 (3) 幕末外国関係文書　嘉永6 (1853) ～明治1 (68) 年の日本と外国との関係文書を集め，年月日を追って掲載刊行するもの。幕府の外国関係文書は，明治維新以後，江戸幕府から引継がれ外務省に保管された。初め外務省はこれをもとに編纂を行おうとしたが，のち東京帝国大学史料編纂掛に文書と事業は移管された。史料編纂掛では，さらに関係史料を集め，1901年に第1冊 (嘉永6年2～7月) を出版した。外国との往復文書，交渉の筆記を中心に，朝廷と幕府との往復文書，関係役所の布令，上申書などのほか，朝廷や幕府に奉った意見書や役人の覚え書，世人の見聞，評判をも収録している。また，国防と外交とが同一視された時代であったから，国防関係の書類をも収録し，蝦夷地開拓や開港に関する文書も掲げている。 93年現在 44冊と付録7冊が刊行されている。

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