A type of authoritarian regime established by the coalition of far-right conservative forces and the Catholic Church in Catholic countries in Europe where the development of capitalism was relatively slow. After the Great Depression of 1929, Catholic countries where the socialist labor movement became radicalized, especially Spain, Portugal, and Austria, Catholic clergy and the conservative forces of each country joined forces to reject parliamentary democracy and establish an authoritarian reactionary regime based on clerical rule. It was a type of authoritarian regime based on the theoretical foundation of Catholic universalism, and although it shared something in common with Nazism in terms of being anti-communist and anti-Marxist, it had aspects that were incompatible with Nazism's racist nationalism. This is also why the universalist totalitarianism of Austria's Spann was criticized by the Nazis. [An Seshu] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
資本主義の発達が相対的に遅れたヨーロッパのカトリック諸国における、極右保守勢力とカトリック教会の連合勢力によって樹立された、権威主義体制の一種。1929年の世界的大不況後、社会主義労働運動の急進化がみられたカトリック諸国、とりわけスペイン、ポルトガル、オーストリアではカトリック聖職者とそれぞれの国の保守勢力が結んで議会制民主主義体制を否定し、教権支配を土台に権威主義的反動体制を確立した。それはカトリシズムの普遍主義を理論的基礎とする権威主義体制の一種ではあるが、ナチズムとは反共産主義、反マルクス主義の点で共通するものをもってはいるものの、その人種主義的民族主義とは相いれない側面をもっていた。オーストリアのシュパンの普遍主義的全体主義がナチスによって批判されたゆえんもここにある。 [安 世舟] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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