Symptomatic treatment - taishouryouho

Japanese: 対症療法 - たいしょうりょうほう
Symptomatic treatment - taishouryouho

When treating a patient with a certain disease, causal therapy treats the true cause of the disease, whereas symptomatic therapy treats the symptoms of the disease. For example, administering antipyretics to a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis who continues to have a slight fever is called symptomatic therapy, while administering antituberculous drugs such as hydrazide or rifampicin to treat the true cause, tuberculosis, is called causal therapy. Other causal therapies include chemotherapy for infectious diseases, hormone replacement therapy for endocrine disorders, and tumor removal surgery, while symptomatic therapies include a wide variety of types, such as administering analgesics and nerve blocks for pain, and administering antidiarrheal drugs for diarrhea, and currently, in many cases, patients have no choice but to rely on symptomatic treatment rather than causal treatment. However, symptomatic treatments suppress symptoms, which can lead to incorrect diagnosis and prognosis, as well as the possibility of causing side effects from drugs and iatrogenic diseases, so care must be taken when treating patients.

[Noriaki Yanagishita]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ある病気の患者を治療するとき、その病気の真の原因に対して治療する原因療法に対し、その病気の症状として現れてきたものに対して治療を行う場合を対症療法という。たとえば、肺結核で微熱が続いている患者に解熱薬を投与するような場合を対症療法といい、ヒドラジッドやリファンピシンなどの抗結核剤を投与し、真の原因である結核を治療することを原因療法という。このほか、原因療法には、感染症に対する化学療法をはじめ、内分泌疾患に対するホルモン補充療法や、腫瘍(しゅよう)に対する摘出術などが含まれ、対症療法には、疼痛(とうつう)に対する鎮痛薬の投与や神経ブロック、下痢に対する止痢剤の投与など、きわめて多くの種類が含まれ、現状では原因療法よりむしろ対症療法に頼らざるをえない場合が多い。しかし、対症療法によって症状を抑制するため診断や予後判定を誤らせるばかりでなく、薬物による副作用や医原性疾患をおこす可能性もあるので、治療に際しては注意しなければならない。

[柳下徳雄]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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