Kaishi

Paper money issued by the government during the Southern Song Dynasty in China. However, Huizi were usually issued by major merchants and financial institutions as remittance or deposit bills from the Northern Song Dynasty, and gradually came to be used on a par with paper money. In the mid-12th century, these Huizi were in circulation among the general public in Lin'an and Huizhou, the capitals of the Southern Song Dynasty. In 1160, the government made them official and called them Guan Hui or Dongnan Huizi. Face values ​​were 200, 300, 500, and 1000-3000. The convertibility period (kai) was three years, and 10 million kan were issued per kai. They were printed in one color on copperplate. The Huizi spread throughout the entire territory of the Southern Song Dynasty except Sichuan, and were used to supplement the fiscal deficit, resulting in excessive issuance of 329 million kan in 1232. The name "Kaihyo" for bills of exchange in the Qing Dynasty is a vestige of the influence of the Huizi.

[Yoshinobu Shiba]

"Kato Shigeru, "The Seeds of Guanzi, Jiaozi, and Huizi in the Early Southern Song Dynasty" (included in "Research on the Chinese Economic History, Vol. 2", 1953, Toyo Bunko)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、南宋(なんそう)のとき政府が発行した紙幣。ただし会子は普通、送金手形や預り手形の意味では北宋時代から大商人や金融業者が発行しており、しだいに紙幣並みに用いられていた。12世紀なかば、こうした会子が南宋の首都の臨安(りんあん)や徽州(きしゅう)で民間に流通していた。1160年、政府はこれを官営とし、官会(かんかい)とか東南会子とよんだ。額面は200、300、500、1000～3000。兌換(だかん)期限（界(かい)）は3年、1界で1000万貫を発行。銅版一色刷りであった。会子は四川(しせん)を除く南宋の全領域に広がり、財政赤字の補完に利用されて乱発となり1232年に新旧2界をあわせて3億2900万貫になった。清(しん)朝で為替(かわせ)手形を会票(かいひょう)といったのは会子の影響の名残(なごり)である。

［斯波義信］

『加藤繁著「南宋初期に於ける見銭関子と交子及び会子」（『支那経済史考証　下』所収・1953・東洋文庫）』

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