Enforcement officer - Shikkokan

It refers to a separate and independent judicial organ (Article 62 of the Court Law) belonging to each district court, which executes judgments, delivers documents issued by the court, and performs other duties, or the public servants that compose it. As an enforcement organ, it performs enforcement procedures centered on factual actions such as the execution of movable property and the compulsory execution of claims for the delivery of objects, as well as duties incidental to the enforcement performed by the enforcement court. Enforcement officers are selected and appointed by the chief of the district court from among those who meet certain qualifications, such as those who have worked as general national civil servants of grade 4 or higher, through an examination. They do not receive a fixed salary from the government, but rather receive a statutory fee for the tasks they handle as income. They were previously called bailiffs and bailiffs, but were changed to bailiffs by the Enforcement Officers Law (Law No. 111 of 1966). This was intended to clarify that they are a judicial organ of the state externally and to encourage public servants internally, but it is said to be insufficient in that they did not go so far as to switch from a fee system to a salary system.

[Ikuo Ikejiri]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

各地方裁判所に所属して裁判の執行、裁判所の発する文書の送達その他の事務を行う単独かつ独立の司法機関（裁判所法62条）またはそれを構成する公務員をいう。執行機関としては動産執行、物の引渡請求権の強制執行のような事実行為を中心とする執行手続を行うほか、執行裁判所の行う執行に付随する職務を行う。執行官は、地方裁判所所長によって一般職国家公務員4等級以上の職歴を有する者など一定の資格のある者から試験によって選考、任命されるが、国より定額の俸給を受けるわけではなく、扱った事務につき法定の手数料を受けて収入としている。以前は執達吏・執行吏とよばれたが、執行官法（昭和41年法律111号）によって執行官と改められた。これは、対外的には国家の司法機関であることを明確にし、対内的にも公務員としての自覚を促すねらいをもっているが、手数料制を俸給制に切り替えるまで踏み切らなかった点において不十分であるといわれている。

［池尻郁夫］

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