Konparu style

(1) A school of Noh. It is said to be the oldest of the five schools of shite actors. It is the later name of the Enmaiza (Takedaza) that belonged to Kofuku-ji Temple from the Kamakura period. According to legend, Hatanokawakatsu, who lived during the reign of Prince Shotoku, was the first head of the school, but it is generally believed that Bishao Gonnokami of the Northern and Southern Courts was the founder of the school. It is said that the children of each generation were given the name Konparu, which became the name of the school. It appears in the posthumous writings of Zeami that Bishao's son Mitsutaro was skilled in demon Noh. Konparu Zenchiku, Bishao's great-grandson, known for his unique artistic theories and works, and his grandson Zenpo are also famous. During the Azuchi-Momoyama period, masters such as Sozui, Gyuren, Zen music, and Shimotsuma Shoshin, who, although an amateur, left behind documents such as "Children's Dance Collection," appeared, and Toyotomi Hideyoshi studied the Konparu school and enjoyed its heyday. However, after the Edo period, when the school was under the control of the Tokugawa shogunate, it did not perform well and has been on the defensive ever since. The Konparu family of Nara had enough power to issue silver notes called Konparu bills, but fell into ruin in the financial panic of the Meiji Restoration. In the Meiji period, Sakurama Masajin (Banma) moved to Tokyo from Kumamoto and quickly became one of the three great masters of the Meiji period, and his son Sakurama Kyusen (Kintaro) was also highly acclaimed as a master. Currently, the Sakurama family has lost many members, including Sakurama Michio (Yumikawa's cousin), Honda Hideo, Takase Sumiyuki, Nomura Tamotsu, Umemura Heishiro, and Sakurama Ryoma (Kintaro). The 79th head of the family, Konparu Nobutaka (1920-2010), was the son of Konparu Kotaro (Hachijo), who was renowned for his unique style of performance, and moved from Nara to Tokyo. Yasuaki (1952- ) is Nobutaka's eldest son. He became the 80th head of the family in 2006 (Heisei 18). In Nara, there is Hodaka, the grandson of Konparu Eijiro, Hachijo's younger brother, and Kinzo, Nobutaka's younger brother. Their style retains an old-fashioned style and is simple and grand. They have an official journal, the Konparu Geppo. Additionally, the Konparu school had three branches, the Konparu Yazaemon family, the Takeda Gonbei family, and the Okura Shozaemon family, but they have all been discontinued.

(2) A school of Nohgaku drums. It is also called the Konparu Soemon school. Its founder was Takeda Saburo, the uncle of Konparu Zenchiku. The school died out around the Meiji period, but Masumi Sentaro's son Hayashitaro revived the family. His son, Soemon (1924-2014), is the 22nd head of the school. His former name was Souichi. In 1992 (Heisei 4), it was designated a holder of an Important Intangible Cultural Property.

[Masuda Shozo]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

(1)能の一流派。シテ方五流のうち、もっとも古いとされる。鎌倉時代から興福寺に属した円満井座(えんまいざ)（竹田座）の後の名。伝承では聖徳太子時代の秦河勝(はたのかわかつ)を初世と数えているが、南北朝の毘沙王権守(びしゃおうごんのかみ)を流祖と考えるのが普通である。代々童名を金春と名のったのが流名になったという。毘沙王の子光太郎(みつたろう)が鬼の能を得意としたことが世阿弥(ぜあみ)の遺著にみえる。毘沙王の曽孫(そうそん)で、独自の芸術論と作品で知られる金春禅竹(ぜんちく)、その孫禅鳳(ぜんぽう)が名高い。安土(あづち)桃山時代には宗瑞(そうずい)、岌蓮(ぎゅうれん)、禅曲や、素人(しろうと)であるが『童舞(どうぶ)抄』ほかの伝書を残した下間小進(しもつましょうしん)らの名手が現れ、豊臣(とよとみ)秀吉が金春流を学んで全盛を誇った。しかし徳川幕府に属した江戸時代以降は振るわず、守勢にたったまま今日に至っている。奈良の金春家は、金春札(さつ)とよぶ銀札を発行するほどの力をもっていたが、明治維新のおりの金融パニックで没落した。明治になって桜間左陣(さくらまさじん)（伴馬(ばんま)）が熊本から上京してたちまち明治三名人に名を連ね、その子桜間弓川(きゅうせん)（金太郎）も名手の誉れが高かった。現在は、桜間道雄（弓川の従弟(いとこ)）、本田秀男、高瀬寿美之、野村保、梅村平史朗、桜間竜馬（金太郎）ら桜間一門は多くを失った。79世宗家金春信高(のぶたか)（1920―2010）は特異の芸風をうたわれた金春光太郎（八条）の子で、奈良から東京に居を移した。安明(やすあき)（1952―　）は信高の長男。2006年（平成18）80世宗家となる。奈良には八条の弟の金春栄治郎の孫穂高(ほだか)、信高の弟の欣三(きんぞう)がある。流風は古風を残し、素朴、雄大である。機関誌『金春月報』をもつ。なお金春流には別家として金春八左衛門家、竹田権兵衛家、大蔵庄左衛門(しょうざえもん)家があったが、断絶した。

(2)能楽太鼓の流派。金春惣右衛門(そうえもん)流ともいう。金春禅竹の叔父にあたる竹田三郎を流祖とする。明治ごろ断絶したが、増見仙太郎の子林太郎が宗家を再興した。その子、惣右衛門（1924―2014）は22世。前名惣一。1992年（平成4）重要無形文化財保持者の認定を受けている。

［増田正造］

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