Yoon - Yoon

Japanese: 拗音 - ようおん

〘Noun〙① A term used in medieval Siddham studies, referring to sounds such as ka, sa, ta, na, ha, ma, ya, ra, wa, etc. ※Siddhamrin Ryakuzu Sho (1287) 3 "First, the straight sounds were the first in the Matagora _system , and later _{in the Taibunsha system} _{. Next, the yo-on sounds were the first in the Matagora system} _. "② A sound expressed by two kana characters, based on the abstract linguistic theory that all characters have straight sounds and yo-on sounds. ※Siddham Shoshinsho (around 1320) - Yoon and Choon Matters: "Question: What about yoons and choons? Answer: Yoons are extended sounds, and choons are one-character abbreviated sounds. For instance, kyato are yoons and kato are choons." ③ In Japanese syllables, unlike choons consisting of one vowel or simply one consonant and one vowel, these are syllables that are followed by the semivowel j or w after the consonant. When followed by j, the consonant also becomes palatalized. These are found in the clear and voiced voiced sounds of all rows except the a, ya, and wa rows, and are called ya-row yoons (open yoons). In modern kana, they are written with the lowercase letters "ya", "yu", and "yo" added to the i-row kana. For example, "kya", "chu", and "sho". Words that are accompanied by w are limited to the consonant k or ɡ (ŋ), and are called wa-row yoons (combined yoons). In modern times, only kwa and ɡwa are recognized in dialects. In addition, extended vowels such as "chu" and "sho" are called "yochouon". [Introduction to Reading (1884)]

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙① 中世悉曇(しったん)学の用語で、カ・サ・タ・ナ・ハ・マ・ヤ・ラ・ワなどの音のこと。※悉曇輪略図抄（1287）三「夫先直音者、摩多挙_レ初、体文者挙_レ後。次拗音者、摩多挙_レ後、体文挙_レ初」② いっさいの字に直音と拗音があるという抽象的な言語理論に立って、仮名二字で表わされる音。※悉曇初心抄（1320頃）拗音直音事「問云、拗音直音者如何。答、拗音者延(のへたる)音、直音者一字促(つつめたる)音也。仮令、キャト者拗音、カト者直音なり」③ 日本語の音節のうち、一母音、また単純に一子音と一母音からなる直音に対して、子音のあとに半母音 j または w を伴うもの。j を伴う場合、子音も口蓋化する。これらは、ア・ヤ・ワ行以外の各行清濁にあって、ヤ行拗音（開拗音）といい、現代かなづかいでは、イ段のかなに小文字の「や」「ゆ」「よ」を添えて書く。「きゃ」「ちゅ」「しょ」など。w を伴うのは、子音が k, ɡ (ŋ) の場合に限られ、ワ行拗音（合拗音）という。現代では kwa, ɡwa が方言に認められるだけである。なお、「ちゅう」「しょう」など母音を延長したものを拗長音とよぶ。〔読方入門（1884）〕

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