Third Reich (English: Third Reich) German

Japanese: 第三帝国 - だいさんていこく(英語表記)Drittes Reich ドイツ語
Third Reich (English: Third Reich) German

The Nazi ruling system. In general, in Christian theology, the period of the Old Testament before Christ was called the First Reich, the period of the New Testament after the birth of Christ was called the Second Reich, and the period beginning around 1000 AD was called the Third Reich. In philosophy, the material world is called the First Reich, the spiritual world the Second Reich, and the ideal world that combines the two is called the Third Reich, but the term "Third Reich" basically refers to an ideal human society. For this reason, conservative German politicians and scholars considered the Nazi state to be an empire in which the excellent character of the German people could be fully demonstrated and their global mission could be accomplished. In other words, the medieval Holy Roman Empire (962-1806) was called the First Reich, the imperial Germany (1871-1918) established by Bismarck was called the Second Reich, and the state under the Nazi ruling system (1933-45) was called the Third Reich. This "Third Reich" has now become a historical name that refers to Nazi Germany itself.

[Murase Okio]

[References] | Nazis | Nazism | Hitler

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ナチスの支配体制。一般的に、キリスト教神学では、キリスト以前の『旧約聖書』の時代を第一帝国、キリスト降誕以後の『新約聖書』の時代を第二帝国、紀元後1000年ころから始まる時代を第三帝国といった。哲学上では、物質的な世界を第一帝国、精神的な世界を第二帝国、両者を統合した理想の世界を第三帝国と称するが、「第三帝国」とは要するに理想的な人間社会をさすことばである。このためドイツ保守派の政治家や学者はナチス国家をドイツ民族の優れた性格が十分に発揮され、その世界的使命が達成される帝国と考えた。すなわち、中世の神聖ローマ帝国(962~1806)を第一帝国、ビスマルクの建てた帝制ドイツ(1871~1918)を第二帝国とし、ナチス支配体制下の国家(1933~45)を第三帝国とよんだ。この「第三帝国」は、いまではナチス・ドイツそのものをさす歴史的呼称となった。

[村瀬興雄]

[参照項目] | ナチス | ナチズム | ヒトラー

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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