Hansen, Lars Peter

Japanese: ハンセン(英語表記)Hansen, Lars Peter
Hansen, Lars Peter
Born: October 26, 1952. Champaign, Illinois. American economist. He received his bachelor's degree in mathematics and political economy from Utah State University in 1974 and his doctorate in economics from the University of Minnesota in 1978. He was an associate professor at Carnegie Mellon University from 1978 to 1981 before moving to the University of Chicago, where he became a professor in the Department of Economics in 1984. In 2010, he was named David Rockefeller Distinguished Professor at the university. He developed statistical methods to test theories of asset pricing based on empirical data. His methods for testing whether stock-market correlations can be used to predict future market profits revealed that other factors, such as the market capitalization of a company or its book value as a part of its market value, were more important. In 1982, he developed the generalized method of moments (GMM) and used it to analyze the properties of asset pricing data. In 2013, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences along with Eugene F. Fama and Robert J. Shiller for their contributions to the empirical analysis of asset prices. The results of their research and analysis led to the discovery of new methods for studying the prices of financial assets such as stocks, bonds, and real estate, and the factors that drive those prices.

Hansen
Hansen, Alvin Harvey

Born: August 23, 1887 in Beborg, South Dakota
[Died] June 6, 1975. Alexandria, Virginia. American economist. Graduated from the University of Wisconsin in 1915, received his doctorate there in 1918, and went on to study at universities such as Minnesota and Stanford. From 1937 to 1956 he was a professor at the Liverpool School of Government at Harvard University. He was involved in actual economic policy through his involvement with the US State Department, the Department of International Economics, the Social Security Advisory Council, and the Canadian government, and provided a theoretical foundation for the New Deal. His main works include Fiscal Policy and Business Cycles (1941), Monetary Theory and Fiscal Policy (47), The American Economy (57), and Economic Issues of the 1960's (60).

Hansen
Hansen, Armauer Gerhard Henrik

Born: July 29, 1841 in Bergen
Died: February 12, 1912, Bergen. Norwegian bacteriologist and physician. Discoverer of the leprosy bacillus. Today, leprosy is called Hansen's disease after him. He became a physician in Bergen in 1868, studied in Bonn and Vienna from 1870 to 1871, engaged in histology research, and in 1875 became director of the Bergen sanatorium. During this time, he discovered microorganisms in the biological tissues of patients, and in 1879 confirmed that these were the leprosy bacillus. From then on, he devoted the rest of his life to isolating patients and implementing disinfection methods. A monument to him was erected in Bergen in 1901.

Hansen
Hansen, Martin (Jens) Alfred

Born: August 20, 1909. Stroby
[Died] June 27, 1955. Copenhagen. Danish novelist. His breakthrough work, Jonatans Rejse (1941), is a satirical portrayal of 20th century civilization with a bizarre imagination. After Lykkelige Kristoffer (45), a collection of short stories Tornebusken (46), and Løgneren (50), he published his masterpiece Orm og Tyr (52).

Hansen
Hansen, Peter Andreas

Born: December 8, 1795 in Tondern
Died March 28, 1874, Goda. Danish astronomer. He initially aspired to be a watch merchant, but later became assistant to H. Schumacher and conducted observational research at the Altona Observatory (1821-23), and later became director of the Seeberg Observatory in Goda (25). He developed a theory of the motion of the moon, and based on that, he calculated the distance between the Earth and the Sun more accurately. In 1853, he published a new table of the motion of the sun.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1952.10.26. イリノイ,シャンペーン
アメリカ合衆国の経済学者。1974年にユタ州立大学で数学と政治経済学の学士号を,1978年にミネソタ大学で経済学の博士号を取得した。1978~81年カーネギーメロン大学で准教授を務めたのちシカゴ大学に移り,1984年経済学部の教授となる。2010年に同大学デービッド・ロックフェラー特別教授職につく。資産価格決定の理論を実証データに基づき検証する統計的手法を開発した。株式と市場の相互関係が,市場の将来の利益を予測するのに使えるかどうかを検証する手法は,株式会社の時価総額や市場価値の一部としての簿価など,それ以外の要因のほうが重要であることを明らかにした。1982年に一般化モーメント法 GMMを開発し,これを使って資産価格データの特性分析を行なった。2013年,「資産価格の実証分析」への貢献により,ユージン・F.ファーマ,ロバート・J.シラーとともにノーベル経済学賞を受賞した。3人の研究と分析の成果は,株式や債券,不動産などの金融資産の価格と,それらの価格を動かす要因を研究する新たな手法を見出すことにつながった。

ハンセン
Hansen, Alvin Harvey

[生]1887.8.23. サウスダコタ,ビボーグ
[没]1975.6.6. バージニア,アレクサンドリア
アメリカの経済学者。 1915年ウィスコンシン大学卒業,18年同大学で博士号を受け,その後ミネソタ,スタンフォードなどの大学を経て 37~56年ハーバード大学リタワー行政学院教授。アメリカ国務省,国際経済省,社会保障諮問会議,カナダ政府などに関係して実際の経済政策にもたずさわり,ニューディール政策に理論的基礎を与えた。主著『財政政策と景気循環』 Fiscal Policy and Business Cycles (1941) ,『貨幣理論と財政政策』 Monetary Theory and Fiscal Policy (47) ,『アメリカの経済』 The American Economy (57) ,『1960年代の経済問題』 Economic Issues of the 1960's (60) など。

ハンセン
Hansen, Armauer Gerhard Henrik

[生]1841.7.29. ベルゲン
[没]1912.2.12. ベルゲン
ノルウェーの細菌学者,医師。らい菌の発見者。彼の名にちなんで,今日らいはハンセン病と呼ばれている。 1868年ベルゲンで医師となり,70~71年にはボンとウィーンに留学,組織学の研究に従事,75年にはベルゲン療養所所長となった。この間,患者の生体組織のなかに微生物を発見,79年これがらい菌であることを確認した。以後患者の隔離と消毒法の実施に終生尽力した。 1901年ベルゲンに記念像が立てられた。

ハンセン
Hansen, Martin (Jens) Alfred

[生]1909.8.20. シュトロビー
[没]1955.6.27. コペンハーゲン
デンマークの小説家。出世作『ヨナタンの旅』 Jonatans Rejse (1941) は怪異な想像力で 20世紀文明を風刺的に描いたもの。『幸福なクリストファー』 Lykkelige Kristoffer (45) ,短編集『さんざしの藪』 Tornebusken (46) ,『嘘つき』Løgneren (50) などを経て,代表作『蛇と牡牛』 Orm og Tyr (52) を発表。

ハンセン
Hansen, Peter Andreas

[生]1795.12.8. トンデルン
[没]1874.3.28. ゴダ
デンマークの天文学者。最初は時計商を志したが,H.シューマッヘルの助手として,アルトナの天文台で観測研究を行い (1821~23) ,のちゴダのゼーベルク天文台台長 (25) 。月の運動理論を発展させ,それに基づいて,地球と太陽の間の距離をより正確に算定。 1853年には太陽の新しい運行表を発表した。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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