King of the Sea

The fourth emperor of the Jin dynasty in China (reigned 1149-61). Grandson of Aguda. His father was Zong Gan. His Jurchen name was Diguno. His given name was Liang. In 1149, he conspired with his trusted associates to kill Emperor Xizong and ascend to the throne. A few months later, he killed over a hundred members of the imperial family, including the second emperor Taizong and the son of Emperor Zong Han, as well as senior officials, wiping out the opposition. He also abolished the Ministry of the Secretariat, which governed North China, and changed the Duyuanshuifeng to the Privy Council. In 1156, he abolished the two ministries of Menxia and Zhongshu, leaving only the Ministry of the Secretariat as the executive body of government, and made the Ministry of the Secretariat consist of his trusted subordinates. As a result, the Ministry of the Secretariat became a completely subordinate institution to the emperor, and his dictatorial system was established. He also abolished the hereditary Manhu system, which had been influential in the regions as the heads of provinces, and instead appointed central bureaucrats, Jiedushi, as heads of provinces, completing a centralized, autocratic state with monarchical autocracy both at the center and in the regions. In 53, he moved the capital to Yanjing (now Beijing) and renamed it Zhongdu, demolishing the palaces and mansions of the former capital, Huiningfu, leaving it in ruins. He attempted to destroy the Song dynasty and unify China, and in 61 he led an army to the south, dispatching troops himself, but rebellions broke out among the Khitans and Jurchens. When Sejong ascended to the throne in Liaoyang at this time, unrest spread among the Jurchen troops, and their soldiers rebelled against him and returned to Liaoyang. Hailing King was also killed by his own subordinates in November 61 while leading his troops on their way back.

[Yoshihiro Kawachi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、金の第4代皇帝（在位1149～61）。阿骨打(アクダ)の孫。父は宗幹(そうかん)。女真(じょしん)名は迪古乃(テキコナイ)。諱(いみな)は亮(りょう)。1149年、腹心の者と謀り煕宗(きそう)を殺して帝位についた。そして数か月後には第2代の太宗や宗翰(そうかん)の子など宗室の者百数十人および重臣を殺し、反対勢力を一掃した。また華北統治の機関であった行台尚書省を廃止し、都元帥府を枢密院と改めたのち、56年には門下、中書の2省を廃止し、政務執行機関を尚書省のみとし、腹心の部下をもって尚書省を構成させた。このため尚書省は皇帝の完全な従属機関となり、彼の独裁体制が確立した。また、これまで路(ろ)の長官として地方に勢力のあった世襲万戸を廃止し、かわりに中央の官僚である節度使を路の長官に任命し、中央においても地方においても君主独裁の中央集権的専制国家を完成させた。彼は53年燕京(えんけい)（いまの北京(ペキン)）に遷都して中都と改称し、旧都上京会寧府(じょうけいかいねいふ)の宮殿や邸宅を取り壊し廃墟(はいきょ)としてしまった。彼は宋(そう)を滅ぼして中国を統一しようとし、61年南征軍をおこし、自ら出兵したが、契丹(きったん)人や女真人の間に反乱が起きた。このとき遼陽(りょうよう)で世宗が即位すると南征女真軍の間にも動揺が伝わり、将兵は彼に背いて遼陽に引き返した。海陵王も一隊を率いて帰る途中61年11月、部下に殺された。

［河内良弘］

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