Red bird - Akaitori

Japanese: 赤い鳥 - あかいとり
Red bird - Akaitori

A children's story magazine. It was first published in July 1918 (Taisho 7) and, although it was suspended for a time, published 196 issues by August 1936 (Showa 11). Its editor-in-chief was Suzuki Miekichi, a novelist and disciple of Natsume Soseki, who founded Akai Tori to break out of his deadlock as a novelist and enter the children's culture movement, and he dedicated the latter half of his life to editing this children's story magazine. Akai Tori was the most important magazine in the children's culture movement of the Taisho period, and played five major roles. First, he overcame the pre-modern children's reading material of the Meiji period and produced modern, artistic fairy tales, such as Akutagawa Ryunosuke's "The Spider's Thread," Arishima Takeo's "A Bunch of Grapes," and Ogawa Mimei's "Moonlit Night and Glasses." Second, he gained the cooperation of poets such as Kitahara Hakushu and Saijo Yaso, as well as composers such as Yamada Kosaku and Narita Tamezo, to create new children's songs. Third, he pioneered children's illustrations full of healthy beauty, such as those by Shimizu Yoshio, Suzuki Jun (1892-1958), and Fukazawa Shozo (1899-1992). Fourth, it attempted modern fairy tale drama with writers such as Kubota Mantaro and Akita Ujaku. And fifth, it developed spelling, children's free verse, and children's drawings as a culture created by the children who were its readers. The entire series was reprinted twice, in 1968 (Showa 43) and 1979, marking the 50th anniversary of its founding, by the National Museum of Modern Japanese Literature.

[Shoichiro Kami]

"Akai Tori Research" edited by the Japan Society for Children's Literature (1965, Komine Shoten)""Akai Tori Masterpiece Collection, edited by Tsubota Joji et al., 3 volumes (1979, Komine Shoten)""Akai Tori Reprint Edition Commentary and Author Index" (1979, Museum of Modern Japanese Literature)""Akai Tori Masterpiece Collection" (Shincho Bunko)

[References] | Children's literature | Miekichi Suzuki | Life writing movement

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

子供のための童話雑誌。1918年(大正7)7月に創刊され、一時休刊したが、1936年(昭和11)8月まで196冊を刊行した。主宰者は夏目漱石(なつめそうせき)門下の小説家、鈴木三重吉(すずきみえきち)で、小説家としての行き詰まりを児童文化運動に打開すべく『赤い鳥』を創刊、彼の後半生はこの童話雑誌の編集に捧(ささ)げられた。『赤い鳥』は大正期の児童文化運動におけるもっとも重要な雑誌であり、五つの大きな役割を果たした。第一は、明治期の前近代的な児童読物を克服して近代的、芸術的な童話を生み出したことで、芥川龍之介(あくたがわりゅうのすけ)の『蜘蛛(くも)の糸』、有島武郎(ありしまたけお)の『一房の葡萄(ぶどう)』、小川未明(おがわみめい)の『月夜と眼鏡』などの童話がそれである。第二は、北原白秋、西条八十(さいじょうやそ)らの詩人に加え山田耕筰(やまだこうさく)、成田為三(なりたためぞう)らの作曲家の協力も得て新しい童謡の花を咲かせたこと。第三は、清水良雄、鈴木淳(すずきじゅん)(1892―1958)、深沢省三(1899―1992)など健康な美しさにあふれた童画を開拓したこと。第四は、久保田万太郎、秋田雨雀(あきたうじゃく)らを書き手としてモダンな童話劇を試みたこと。そして第五は、読者である子供たち自身のつくりだす文化としての綴方(つづりかた)、児童自由詩、児童画を開発したことである。創刊50周年にあたる1968年(昭和43)と1979年の二度にわたり、日本近代文学館より全冊が復刻されている。

[上笙一郎]

『日本児童文学学会編『赤い鳥研究』(1965・小峰書店)』『坪田譲治他編『赤い鳥代表作集』全3巻(1979・小峰書店)』『『赤い鳥復刻版 解説・執筆者索引』(1979・日本近代文学館)』『『赤い鳥傑作集』(新潮文庫)』

[参照項目] | 児童文学 | 鈴木三重吉 | 生活綴方運動

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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