Guardian - Shugodai

The personal deputies of the medieval shugo. They were appointed from among the shugo's family, hereditary direct vassals, powerful kokujin, and kokuga mokudai. In the Middle Ages, shugo generally resided in Kamakura or Kyoto, and the governance of their assigned provinces was carried out by shugodai or lower officials. They were also the ones who actually carried out the development of the shugo domain system. It can be said that they also had a public character, as they were part of the process of following the Shogunate's orders. However, the Nagashio and Yakushiji clans, Yusa and Jinbo clans, and others who became shugodai for the Hosokawa and Hatakeyama clans in Kinai and nearby provinces were non-Kokujin and mostly resided in Kyoto, so the small shugodai at the county level became the core of local rule. There were many examples of powerful local lords being appointed as shugodai, such as the Uragami clan of Harima and the Iba clan of Omi, as well as examples of powerful local lords who were deputies or local officials, such as the Oishi clan of Musashi and the Kokawa clan of Harima. Some, such as the Asakura clan of Echizen and the Nagao clan of Echigo, became daimyo during the Sengoku period.

[Mutsumi Tanuma]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中世守護の私的な代官。守護の一族や譜代直臣(ふだいじきしん)、あるいは有力国人(こくじん)、国衙目代(こくがもくだい)などが登用された。中世の守護は鎌倉や京都に在住するのが原則で、任国の統治は守護代以下に担われていた。守護領国制展開の現実の担い手も彼らであった。幕命遵行(じゅんぎょう)手続の一環に位置した点では公的性格も随伴していたといえる。しかし畿内(きない)・近国で細川・畠山(はたけやま)氏などの守護代となった長塩(ながしお)・薬師寺(やくしじ)氏や遊佐(ゆさ)・神保(じんぼ)氏などは非国人で、ほとんど在京していたため、郡単位の小守護代が在地支配の中核となった。有力国人の守護代登用は播磨(はりま)の浦上(うらがみ)氏、近江(おうみ)の伊庭(いば)氏などと多く、また武蔵(むさし)の大石氏、播磨の小河(こかわ)氏などは目代や在庁(ざいちょう)有力者の守護代の例である。越前朝倉(えちぜんあさくら)氏、越後長尾(えちごながお)氏などのように戦国大名化するものもあった。

［田沼　睦］

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