A hero in Greek mythology. Philoctetes, a famous archer, was given the bow and arrows coated with Hydra venom by Hercules as a reward for the kindness shown to him at the time of Hercules' death. Philoctetes was bitten by a poisonous snake on the way to the Trojan expedition, and because of the pain and wounds, the expeditionary force, which was in a hurry, left him behind on the island of Lemnos, where he lived for nine years in solitude. In the tenth year of the Trojan War, the Greek army heard from the prophet Helenus that Troy would not fall without the bow of Hercules, so they sent Odysseus and Diomedes (or Neoptolemus) to Lemnos to welcome Philoctetes. After many twists and turns, he arrived in Troy and, having fully recovered from his wounds thanks to the treatment of the renowned physician Machaon, he shot Paris to death with Hercules' bow and arrow, thus triggering the fall of Troy. In Sophocles' tragedy Philoctetes, the plan was to deceive Philoctetes and bring back only Hercules' bow, but Neoptolemus, feeling sorry for his miserable situation, confessed everything, and the enraged Philoctetes eventually reconciled with him and accompanied him to Troy. It is said that in the southern part of Italy, there was a region where Philoctetes was worshipped. [Teruo Ito] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ギリシア神話の英雄。弓の名手として有名なフィロクテテスは、ヘラクレスの死に際(ぎわ)になにかと親切にしてやった礼として、その弓とヒドラの毒を塗った矢とをヘラクレスから授かった。フィロクテテスは、トロヤ遠征へ向かう途中毒蛇にかまれ、その傷と痛みの激しさから先を急ぐ遠征軍の一行にレムノス島に置き去りにされ、そこで9年間わびしく生き長らえた。トロヤ戦争も10年目となったとき、預言者ヘレノスから、ヘラクレスの弓がなければトロヤは陥落しないと聞いたギリシア軍は、オデュッセウスとディオメデス(またはネオプトレモス)をレムノスに派遣してフィロクテテスを迎えに行った。曲折を経たのち、トロヤに着いて名医マカオンの治療により傷も全快した彼は、ヘラクレスの弓と矢でパリスを射殺し、トロヤ陥落のきっかけをつくった。なお、ソフォクレスの悲劇『フィロクテテス』では、フィロクテテスを欺いてヘラクレスの弓だけを取ってくるはずであったが、その悲惨なありさまに同情したネオプトレモスがいっさいを白状し、激怒したフィロクテテスも結局は和解してトロヤに同行することになる。イタリアの南部地方には、このフィロクテテスを崇拝の対象としていた地域があったという。 [伊藤照夫] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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