Histocompatibility antigens

Japanese: 組織適合抗原 - そしきてきごうこうげん

An antigen on the surface of an animal cell that governs genetically determined tissue compatibility (whether or not a transplant will be rejected). Also called histocompatibility antigen. Although it is common to various types of cells in the same individual, it generally differs from individual to individual. Even tissues of the same species will be recognized as foreign by the immune system and rejected unless the type of antigen matches. There are many antigens, including those that cause weak rejection, but basic tissue compatibility is determined by a relatively small number of antigens (major histocompatibility antigens), and the genes responsible are called the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). In humans, this is the human leukocyte antigen (HLA), and in mice, the H-2 antigen. The HLA gene is located on the human chromosome 6 and is governed by a large number of alleles at at least six loci, so the probability of the types matching is much smaller than that of blood types, etc. HLA (MHC) is not only related to rejection reactions, but also plays an important role in T lymphocytes' immune recognition of self and non-self.
→ Related topics Graft-versus-host reaction disease | Bone marrow transplant | Bone marrow bank | Kidney transplant | Snell | Doce

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

動物細胞の表面にあって，遺伝的に決定された組織適合性（移植片に対する拒絶反応を起こすか否か）を支配する抗原。組織適合性抗原とも。同一個体の各種の細胞で共通だが，一般に個体によって異なる。同じ生物種の組織でも，この抗原のタイプまで一致しない限り免疫系によって異物として認識され，拒絶反応を受ける。弱い拒絶反応を起こすものまで含めると数多くの抗原があるが，基本的な組織適合性は比較的少数の抗原（主要組織適合性抗原）が決めており，その遺伝子を主要組織適合性遺伝子複合体（MHC）という。ヒトの場合は，ヒト白血球抗原（HLA）がこれに当たり，マウスではH-2抗原。HLAの遺伝子はヒト第六染色体上にあり，少なくとも６つの遺伝子座の多数の対立遺伝子群によって支配されているため，そのタイプが一致する確率は血液型などと比べてはるかに小さい。HLA（MHC）は拒絶反応に関係するだけでなく，Tリンパ球が免疫的に自己と非自己を認識する上で重要な役割も果たしている。
→関連項目移植片対宿主反応病｜骨髄移植｜骨髄バンク｜腎移植｜スネル｜ドーセ

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