Roasting - Baishou (English spelling)

Japanese: 焙焼 - ばいしょう(英語表記)roasting
Roasting - Baishou (English spelling)

This is a preliminary process for metal smelting, in which chemical changes are caused at temperatures that do not melt the ore, in order to make the ore have a chemical composition suitable for the main smelting process. For example, most ores of non-ferrous metals, such as lead and zinc, are sulfide ores, which are difficult to reduce to metals or to dissolve in acid in their original form. When air is pumped into the ores and they are heated, they ignite, reacting continuously to become oxides, while the sulfur is burned and oxidized to sulfurous acid gas, which is separated and removed from the ore. The oxidized ore is easy to reduce and dissolve in acid. This is an example of oxidation roasting, and the sulfur separated as sulfurous acid gas is usually further oxidized and absorbed in water to be recovered as sulfuric acid, and the large amount of heat generated by the oxidation is recovered as steam or electricity using a boiler.

Traditionally, various furnaces have been used for roasting, but nowadays, fluidized bed roasting furnaces are commonly used, as they are completely sealed, can be operated automatically, and have excellent temperature controllability and uniformity within the furnace.

In addition to the oxidizing roasting mentioned above, various roasting methods are used depending on the purpose, such as reducing roasting low-grade limonite to turn it into magnetic magnetite, which is then refined to high grade by magnetic separation, sulfide ores are roasted to sulfate to make them water-soluble, and oxide ores are roasted to chloride to turn them into chlorides. An example of chlorination roasting is the smelting method in which rutile ore, the raw material for titanium, is roasted in chlorine gas to turn it into titanium tetrachloride, which is then reduced with magnesium.

[Azagami Takeshi]

Fluidized Roasting Furnace Configuration
Pulp is made by crushing ore and mixing it with water, and the resulting suspension (slurry) is pumped into the roasting chamber. ©Shogakukan ">

Fluidized Roasting Furnace Configuration


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

金属製錬の予備処理として、製錬本工程に適する化学組成にするため、鉱石が溶融しない程度の温度で化学変化をおこさせる処理をいう。たとえば鉛・亜鉛などの非鉄金属の鉱石の多くは硫化鉱であり、そのままの形では金属に還元することも、また酸などに溶解することもむずかしい。そこで、これに空気を送って加熱すると着火し、継続的に反応して酸化物になると同時に硫黄(いおう)分は燃焼・酸化して亜硫酸ガスとなり、鉱石から分離除去される。酸化された鉱石は還元も酸への溶解も容易となる。これは酸化焙焼の例で、亜硫酸ガスとして分離した硫黄はさらに酸化して水に吸収させ硫酸として回収するのが普通で、酸化に伴う大量の発熱はボイラーにより蒸気あるいは電力として回収される。

 焙焼には従来種々の炉が使われてきたが、現在では、完全密閉式で自動操業ができ、温度制御性と炉内均一性に優れた流動焙焼炉が使われるのが普通である。

 焙焼には前述の酸化焙焼のほか、低品位の褐鉄鉱を還元焙焼して磁性をもつ磁鉄鉱に変え、磁力選鉱によって高品位化する例や、水溶性にするため、硫化鉱を硫酸化焙焼して硫酸塩に変えたり、酸化鉱を塩化焙焼して塩化物とするなど、目的によりさまざまな焙焼法が行われる。塩化焙焼の例として、チタンの原料であるルチル鉱を塩素ガス中で焙焼して四塩化チタンとし、これをマグネシウムで還元する製錬法がある。

[阿座上竹四]

流動焙焼炉の構成
パルプは鉱石を粉砕して水と混ぜたもので、その懸濁液(スラリー)を移送するスラリーポンプによって、焙焼室へ給鉱される©Shogakukan">

流動焙焼炉の構成


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