Jonas Edward Salk

Japanese: ソーク - そーく(英語表記)Jonas Edward Salk
Jonas Edward Salk

American bacteriologist and virologist. Born in New York, he studied at New York University, receiving his doctorate in 1939. In 1947, he became a professor at the University of Pittsburgh. In 1962, he became director of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in San Diego. He conducted research into preventive medicine, and in 1953, he discovered that injecting a vaccine in which the polio virus had been killed with formalin was effective in preventing polio, and developed an inactivated vaccine called the Salk vaccine. In 1955, this vaccine was put into practical use in the United States, and in February 1961, the domestically produced Salk vaccine passed testing in Japan, and a mass-production system was put in place. It was expected to be a measure against the polio epidemic that was raging in Japan at the time. However, the Salk vaccine was short-lived, as the more superior Sabin oral live polio vaccine was urgently imported and administered.

[Tsunezaburo Fujino]

[References] | Sabin | Polio

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アメリカの細菌学者、ウイルス学者。ニューヨークに生まれ、ニューヨーク大学に学び、1939年学位を取得。1947年ピッツバーグ大学教授。1962年にサン・ディエゴのソーク生物学研究所所長。予防医学の研究を行い、1953年、ポリオウイルスをホルマリンで殺したワクチンを注射するとポリオの予防効果があることを発見、ソークワクチンといわれる不活化ワクチンを開発した。1955年このワクチンはアメリカで実用化され、1961年(昭和36)2月には日本でも国産ソークワクチンが検定合格し、量産体制が整えられ、当時、日本で大流行していたポリオへの対策として期待された。しかし、より優れたセービンの経口生ポリオワクチンが緊急輸入、投与されたため、ソークワクチンは短命に終わった。

[藤野恒三郎]

[参照項目] | セービン | ポリオ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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