Soumon

Japanese: 相聞 - そうもん
Soumon

Along with "Miscellaneous Poems" and "Elegies," this is one of the three major sections of the Manyoshu. The word "Aimon" is a common term found in many Chinese documents, and its original meaning was to convey feelings to one another. In the Manyoshu, it is also called "Aimon Orai-ka" (volumes 11 and 12), and it is a general term for songs about personal feelings exchanged in everyday human relationships. It mainly consists of love songs exchanged between men and women, but not all of them are love songs. "Aimon" also includes songs exchanged between parents and children or siblings, such as "I will send you to Yamato, late at night, and I will stand wet with the dawn dew" (volume 2, 105), sung by Princess Ooku about her younger brother, Prince Otsu. It is a song that conveys personal feelings between men and women, and can be called a love song in the broad sense. The Man'yoshu has a section on love poems in volumes 2, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14, and contains 1,750 poems, more than one-third of the total number of poems in the Man'yoshu. Depending on the way they are expressed, they are classified as seijutsushinsho (straightforward words), kibutsuchinshi (simple thoughts), and hiyu (metaphors). These poems of personal feelings are the broad foundation that supports poems, and within them, poems as lyric poetry were cultivated.

[Kanno Shitaka]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

「雑歌(ぞうか)」「挽歌(ばんか)」と並ぶ『万葉集』の三大部立(ぶだて)の一つ。「相聞」の語は中国の文献に多くみられる通用語で、そのもともとの意義は、互いに思いを伝達することであった。『万葉集』では「相聞往来歌」(巻11、12)とも称し、日常的な人間関係のなかで交わされた私情の歌々を概括するものであった。男女の間で交わされた恋愛歌を中心とするが、すべてが恋歌ではなく、大伯皇女(おおくのひめみこ)が弟大津皇子について歌った「わがせこを大和(やまと)へ遣(や)るとさ夜更(よふ)けて暁露(あかときつゆ)にわが立ちぬれし」(巻2・105)のように、親子・兄弟などの間で交わされたものも「相聞」に収められている。男女間を主とする私情伝達の歌で、広義の恋歌ということができる。『万葉集』は、巻2、4、8、9、10、11、12、13、14の諸巻に「相聞」の部立をもち、収める歌数は1750首に上る。『万葉集』の全歌数の3分の1を超える。これらは表現の仕方によって、正述心緒(せいじゅつしんしょ)、寄物陳思(きぶつちんし)、譬喩(ひゆ)などと分類されている。こうした私情の歌こそ歌を支える広い基盤であり、そのなかで叙情詩としての歌が育てられた。

[神野志隆光]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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