Comprehensive Technology Education

Japanese: 総合技術教育 - そうごうぎじゅつきょういく
Comprehensive Technology Education

Polytechnism is a translation of the Russian term политехнизм/politehnizm. Poly (multi-disciplinary, multi-subject) technologists aim to teach students the principles and laws of natural science that underlie modern production, as well as the scientific principles of technology that underlie production and how these principles and theories are applied in production. This is not taught in a specific subject, but rather through the teaching/learning of all subjects, that is, in a comprehensive manner throughout the entire school education.

Polytechnism originally began with Marx's idea of ​​"teaching the general principles of all production processes, and at the same time instructing children and young people in the practical use and handling of the basic tools of every trade," as well as "technical education." This idea was inherited by the Soviet government after the Russian Revolution, and developed into polytechnical education. However, the form and content of polytechnism in its practice has changed over time, but it has been based on the following basic principles:

[1] Developing the ability to overcome the formalistic elements of knowledge and apply knowledge in practice.

[2] To introduce the scientific foundations of production in the process of learning the fundamentals of natural sciences and mathematics.

[3] Since general education subjects are unable to provide elementary skills, technical knowledge, or the practical ability to handle the tools and equipment used in production, “labor professors” will be established.

[4] Organize socially useful work in the ninth grade and outside of school.

[Terakawa Tomosuke and Kamiyama Masahiro]

"Marxist Educational Thought" by G. Krupp, translated by Ohashi Seio (1961, Ochanomizu Shobo)""The Complete Works of Marx and Engels, Volume 16, translated by Ouchi Hyoe and Hosokawa Karoku (1966, Otsuki Shoten)""Comprehensive Technical Education and Democratic Education in Japan, edited by the Technical Education Research Group (1974, Hatonomori Shobo)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ロシア語のポリテフニズムполитехнизм/politehnizmの訳語。ポリ(多種、多科)テフニズムは、現代の生産の基礎となっている自然科学の原理や法則を理解させるとともに、生産の基礎にある技術の科学的原理はどのようなものであるか、また、これらの原理や理論が生産のなかでどのように適用されているかなどを、特定の教科だけで教えるのではなく、すべての教科の教授=学習、つまり学校教育全体を通して総合的に行うものである。

 ポリテフニズムは、もともとマルクスの「あらゆる生産工程の一般原則を教え、同時に児童と少年にあらゆる職業の基本的な道具の実地の使用法や取り扱い方の手ほどきをする」、また「技術教育」などから始まった。この考えはロシア革命後のソビエト政権に受け継がれ、ポリテフニズム教育へと発展していった。しかし、このポリテフニズムはその実践にあたっては、時代によってそのあり方や内容が変わっていったが、それは、次のような基本方針に基づいて行われてきた。

〔1〕知識の形式主義的要素を克服し、知識を実際に適用する能力の育成。

〔2〕自然諸科学や数学の基礎の学習の過程で生産の科学的基礎を知らせる。

〔3〕一般教育の教科は初歩的な技術や技術学的知識、生産に利用される器具・設備を取り扱う実際的な能力を与えることができないので、「労働教授」を設置する。

〔4〕第9学年および課外で社会的に有用な労働を組織する。

[寺川智祐・神山正弘]

『G・クラップ著、大橋精夫訳『マルクス主義の教育思想』(1961・お茶の水書房)』『大内兵衛・細川嘉六訳『マルクス=エンゲルス全集 第16巻』(1966・大月書店)』『技術教育研究会編『総合技術教育と日本の民主教育』(1974・鳩の森書房)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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