A legal system for military personnel, civilian employees, or residents of a war zone, occupied territory, or stationed area, who are subject to different conditions and rules than the general public. In many countries, military law is established within the provisions of the constitution (the American constitution gives the power to enact military law to Congress, but in the former Soviet Union, military law was independent of general law, unlike the United States and the United Kingdom). Each country has extremely strict provisions for wartime (especially acts in the face of the enemy), but in peacetime (especially crimes committed by civilians or outside military duty), general criminal law is often applied. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
一般市民と異なる環境,規律のもとにある軍人,軍属,あるいは戦域,占領地域または駐留地域の住民に対する法体系。多くの国では,憲法の規定内で,軍法を定める (アメリカの憲法では,議会に軍法制定権を与えているが,旧ソ連はアメリカ,イギリスに比べ軍法が一般法と独立した存在となっていた) 。各国とも戦時 (特に敵前での行為) については,一般法にみられぬきびしい規定を設けているが,平時においては (特に民間人あるいは軍務外での犯罪行為には) 一般刑法などの適用を受けるように定める場合が多い。
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