A language family that includes languages distributed over a vast area from Madagascar in the west to Easter Island in the east, Taiwan in the north, Hawaii in the south to New Zealand. There are nearly 1,000 languages, but based on the similarity between them and the phonology and grammar simplification in the order of Taiwanese alpine languages → Western (Indonesian) → Eastern (Oceanic) languages, it is believed that historically, they spread south from Taiwan to the Philippines, Indonesia, and the Malay Peninsula, reaching Madagascar in the west, and spreading east to the Pacific islands. The Western family includes Tagalog, Malay, Javanese, and Balinese, while the Eastern family includes Micronesian, Melanesian, and Polynesian languages such as Kiribati, Fijian, Samoan, Tongan, Tahitian, and Maori. Most languages in Australia and New Guinea are native to indigenous peoples who lived before this family. Linguistically, it has many two-syllable words, and affixes have grammatical and derivative functions. ◇The name means "South Island languages." It is also called Malayo-Polynesian languages. In English, it is called Austronesian. Source: Kodansha Encyclopedia of the World's Major Languages |
西はマダガスカル島から東はイースター島まで、北は台湾、ハワイから南はニュージーランドまでの広大な地域に分布する諸言語を含む語族。言語数は1000近くに及ぶが、それらの間の類縁性と、音韻や文法が、台湾の高山族諸語→西部語派(インドネシア語派)→東部語派(オセアニア語派)の順に単純化していくことから、歴史的には、台湾からフィリピン、インドネシア、マレー半島へと南下して西はマダガスカルまで達し、東は太平洋の島々に広がったと考えられている。西部語派にはタガログ語、マレー語、ジャワ語、バリ語など、東部語派にはキリバス語、フィジー語、サモア語、トンガ語、タヒチ語、マオリ語などミクロネシア、メラネシア、ポリネシアの諸語が含まれる。オーストラリアとニューギニアの大部分の言語は、この語族よりも前の先住民のものである。言語的には、2音節語が多い、接辞が派生語をつくる機能や文法的機能をもつ、などの特徴がある。◇名称は「南島語族」の意。マレーポリネシア語族ともいう。英語でAustronesian。
出典 講談社世界の主要言語がわかる事典について 情報 |
>>: Austronesian peoples - Austronesian peoples
A Neolithic site located in Hemudu, Yuyao County, ...
…To produce small, elegant bamboo without cutting...
…These fantastical works were later adapted by Pr...
… [Ken Ogata]. . … *Some of the terminology that ...
This refers to the autocratic monarchy of the lat...
In a broader sense, it refers to the exclusive co...
Kyoto City occupies the southern part of Kyoto Pre...
Lead acetate trihydrate was called lead sugar, he...
Among the various welfare measures for the stabili...
…In terms of operation, there are regular routes ...
…Apple brandy from Calvados in the Normandy regio...
A word game in which the letters of a word are rea...
A city in Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation, weste...
This refers to the pouch (egg sac) that marine sna...
A theater located in Namba-Shinchi, Chuo Ward, Os...