Bright, John

Japanese: ブライト（英語表記）Bright， John

Born 16 November 1811 in Rochdale, Lancashire
[Died] March 27, 1889. Rochdale, Lancashire. British politician. Rochdale cotton industrialist, Quaker. Leader of the Manchester faction. Founded the Anti-Corn Law League in 1839, and promoted the movement with his ally R. Cobden. In the summer of 1846, he achieved the repeal of the Corn Laws in the Peel Cabinet. He was elected as a member of the House of Commons for Durham in 1843, Manchester from 1847 to 1857, and Birmingham from 1858 to 1889, and was a member of the Liberal Party. He worked hard on many reforms, including the reform of the electoral law. During the Crimean War (1853-1856), he opposed Palmerston's foreign policy, promoted the Anglo-French Treaty of Amity (1860), and supported the North when the American Civil War (1861-1865) broke out. He was Lord Chancellor of the Board of Trade in the cabinet of Sir W. Gladstone (68-70) and Lord Liberal of the Duchy of Lancaster (73-74, 80-82), but later resigned after disagreements with Gladstone's intervention in Egypt (82). He broke with the Liberal Party on the issue of Irish Home Rule (86).

Bright
Bright, Richard

Born: September 28, 1789, Bristol
[Died] December 16, 1858. London. British physician. Worked at Guy's Hospital in London from 1820 to 1843. In his early years, he performed a pathological autopsy on a sailor who had died of excessive proteinuria and edema, and found granular, atrophic lesions in the kidneys. Over the next 16 years, he collected similar cases, and in 1827 published a paper proposing that edema, proteinuria, and kidney lesions should be understood as a single disease entity. This idea was widely accepted, and kidney disease came to be called Bright's disease. The blindness that occurs in uremia is also called Bright's blindness. He later described lymphatic constitution and pancreatic jaundice, as well as acute yellow atrophy of the liver and pigmented brain. His main work was Reports of Medical Cases (1827).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1811.11.16. ランカシャー，ロッチデール
[没]1889.3.27. ランカシャー，ロッチデール
イギリスの政治家。ロッチデールの綿工業家，クェーカー教徒。マンチェスター派の指導者。 1839年反穀物法同盟を結成，盟友 R.コブデンとともに運動を推進，46年夏ピール内閣に穀物法撤廃を実現させた。 43年ダラム選出，47～57年マンチェスター選出，58～89年バーミンガム選出の下院議員となり，自由党所属。選挙法改正など多くの改革に尽力。またクリミア戦争の時期 (1853～56) には，パーマストン外交に反対，英仏通商条約 (60) を推進，アメリカ南北戦争 (61～65) が起ると北部を支持した。 W.グラッドストン内閣の商務院総裁 (68～70) ，ランカスター公領総裁 (73～74，80～82) となったが，のちグラッドストンのエジプト干渉 (82) に際して意見が対立，辞任。アイルランド自治問題で自由党と決別した (86) 。

ブライト
Bright， Richard

[生]1789.9.28. ブリストル
[没]1858.12.16. ロンドン
イギリスの医師。 1820～43年ロンドンのガイ病院に勤務。その当初に多量の蛋白尿と浮腫で死亡した水夫の病理解剖を行い，腎臓に顆粒状，萎縮性の病変を認めた。その後 16年間，同様の症例を集め，27年に発表し，浮腫，蛋白尿と腎臓病変とを一つの疾患単位として把握すべきことを提唱。この考え方が広く受入れられて腎臓病をブライト病と呼ぶようになった。尿毒症に際して出現する盲状態もブライト盲といわれる。その後もリンパ体質や膵臓性黄疸を記載，急性黄色性肝萎縮や着色脳も記載している。主著『内科臨床報告』 Reports of Medical Cases (1827) 。

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