Phase transfer catalyst - Phase transfer catalyst

Japanese: 相間移動触媒 - ソウカンイドウショクバイ

When reacting substances with significantly different polarities, such as a water-soluble substance and an oil-soluble substance, the solution system becomes heterogeneous and each substance exists in a different solvent phase, making it difficult for the two to come into contact and often resulting in a very slow reaction rate. In such a case, if an organic substance that is soluble in both water and oil, such as a long-chain alkylphosphonium salt, is allowed to coexist, the alkylphosphonium salt, for example, will capture reactant ions present in the aqueous phase, move them to the organic phase, which is the reaction site, and bring them into contact with the reagents there, and then transport the resulting unwanted ions to the aqueous phase for disposal.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

水に可溶な物質と油に可溶な物質というように極性の著しく異なる物質を反応させる場合，その溶液系が不均一系となり，それぞれの物質が異なる溶媒相に存在するため，両者の接触が困難で，反応速度がきわめて小さいことが多い。このような場合，長鎖アルキルホスホニウム塩のように，水，油の両相に溶解性をもつ有機物を共存させると，たとえばアルキルホスホニウム塩が水相に存在する反応物イオンをとりこみ，反応場である有機相に移動させて，そこにある試薬と接触させ，さらに生成した不要イオンを水相に運んで廃棄する。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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