...These tombs are different from the usual ones that lack burial chambers or burial mounds and are buried directly in the ground, suggesting that the Celtic society that gave birth to this culture was clearly stratified from an early stage. An oppidum originally referred to a place that was protected by a moat and earthworks, but the remains of oppidums characteristic of the late La Tène culture, such as the Manching site in Bavaria, Germany, which is one of the largest oppidums covering an area of about 38 hectares, have been excavated to have a gate and a wall, a temple within, streets, large and small wooden houses, various handicraft workshops such as blacksmithing, foundry, and glass manufacturing, as well as a coin factory. The oppidum is not just a fortress that serves as a refuge, but can also be called a fortified city that was the political and economic core of the region, and its existence indicates the high level of maturity of Celtic society. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Manching" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…一般にみられる墓室や墳丘を欠き直接土中に埋葬した墓とは隔絶したものとなっており,この文化を生んだケルト人社会が,早くから明確に階層分化していたものであったことをうかがわせる。オッピドゥムはもともと周囲を土塁と濠とで防御した場所を指すが,後期ラ・テーヌ文化の特徴とされるオッピドゥムの遺跡は,たとえばドイツのバイエルン州にあって約38haの面積を占める最大級のオッピドゥムであるマンチンManching遺跡では,城門と城壁を備え,なかに神殿があり,街路と大小の木造住居が配され,鍛冶,鋳造,ガラス製造などの各種手工業工房に加えて,貨幣製造所があったことなどが発掘によって明らかにされている。オッピドゥムは単なる避難所的な城塞ではなく,その地域の政治・経済の核となる城塞都市とでも呼びうるものであって,その存在からケルト社会の成熟度の高さをうかがえる。… ※「Manching」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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