Baikonur (English spelling) Байконур/Baykonur

Japanese: バイコヌール - ばいこぬーる(英語表記)Байконур/Baykonur
Baikonur (English spelling) Байконур/Baykonur

A space station located 370 km southwest of Baikonur, which is located almost in the center of the Republic of Kazakhstan (west of Karaganda Oblast) in Central Asia, and 160 km east of the Aral Sea. It is also written as Baikonur or Bayqongyr. It was built in 1955 during the Soviet era. It has three main bases and has launched manned and unmanned satellites. In April 1961, the world's first manned spacecraft, Vostok 1, carrying Major Gagarin, was launched from here. This was followed in June 1963 by Vostok 6, carrying the world's first female astronaut, Tereshkova. Since then, all Soviet satellites and spacecraft have been launched from this base, and even after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, all Russian satellites and spacecraft have been launched from this base. The actual location is Tyuratam, Karaganda Oblast, 48 km south of the space station, but Baikonur is the name officially adopted to maintain secrecy. The population of Baikonur base was 60,000, most of whom were Russian nationals, in 1994. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia has leased the base to Kazakhstan, paying a fee for its use.

[Shuji Yamashita]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中央アジア、カザフスタン共和国のほぼ中央(カラガンダ州西部)に位置するバイコヌールの南西370キロメートル、アラル海の東160キロメートルにある宇宙基地。Baikonur,Bayqongyrとも表記する。ソ連時代の1955年に建設された。三つの主要基地をもち、有人、無人の衛星が打ち上げられてきた。1961年4月、ガガーリン少佐を乗せた世界最初の有人宇宙船ウォストーク1号もここから打ち上げられた。続いて63年6月、世界初の女性宇宙飛行士テレシコワを乗せたウォストーク6号が打ち上げられた。以来、ソ連の衛星船、宇宙船はすべて、また1991年のソ連邦崩壊後もロシアの衛星船、宇宙船はすべて、この基地から打ち上げられている。実際の所在地は、宇宙基地から48キロメートル南のカラガンダ州チュラタムになるが、秘密保持のためにバイコヌールが公式に採用された名称である。最盛期は、1970~80年代であり、1994年のバイコヌール基地の人口は6万人で、ほとんどがロシア国籍であった。ソ連邦崩壊以降は、ロシアがカザフスタンに使用料を払って借用している。

[山下脩二]

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