The Canterbury Tales

Japanese: カンタベリー物語 - かんたべりーものがたり(英語表記)The Canterbury Tales
The Canterbury Tales

This is a collection of narrative poems by Geoffrey Chaucer, the greatest English poet of the 14th century, and represents one of the pinnacles of medieval European literature. It is a collection of stories told by pilgrims on their way to Canterbury Cathedral. The author originally intended to write a large work of over 120 stories, but in fact only 24 stories remain, including some unfinished works. The author concludes the collection with a "palinodes" (cancellation), a feature of medieval literature. In addition to the king and beggars, the group of pilgrims includes a wide variety of people from all walks of life, such as knights, millers, farm masters (and carpenters), cooks, lawyers, mendicants, summoners, scholars, merchants, gentry, doctors, indulgences, abbesses, monks, and priests, and the author himself appears as one of the narrators. The stories cover all genres of literature popular in Europe at the time, including romance, sermons, humorous tales (fabriaux), and hagiographies. However, this work is not simply a collection of stories. For example, the first story, "The Knight's Tale," is a solemn and elegant romance of courtly love, while the second story, "The Miller's Tale," is a humorous tale that parodies the first story. In this way, the stories progress while relating to each other, and the structure is different from the conventional "frame story." Each narrator is given a story that suits his status, circumstances, hobbies, and personality. The author often uses sharp satire, but overall his works are full of tolerance and humor, and he humbly accepts the value of human thoughts and actions. The "cancellation" at the end shows the author's idea of ​​"contemptus mundi," or "denial of this world," but the world of the work shows the poet's humanity, who felt deep joy in this world. It can be said that the author's spirit of accepting both the sacred and the profane as they are enabled him to create this work, which could be called a medieval "human comedy."

[Ando Shinsuke]

"The Canterbury Tales, translated by Junzaburo Nishiwaki (included in World Literature Series 8, 1961, Chikuma Shobo)"

[References] | Chaucer

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

14世紀最大のイギリス詩人ジェフリー・チョーサーの物語詩集で、中世ヨーロッパ文学の一つの頂点を示す。カンタベリー大聖堂に詣(もう)でる巡礼たちが語る物語の集成で、作者は最初120編余の大作を意図したと思われるが、実際は、未完の作品を含めて、24編が残るだけ。作者は結尾に中世文学特有の「パリノード」(取消しの文)を付して、この物語集をいちおう完結させている。巡礼の集団には、国王と乞食(こじき)を除いて、社会各層の多種多様な人物、たとえば、騎士、粉屋、農場の親方(兼大工)、料理人、法律家、托鉢僧(たくはつそう)、召喚吏、学僧、商人、郷士、医者、免罪符売り、尼僧院長、修道僧、神父などが登場、作者自身も語り手の一人として登場する。物語の内容は、ロマンス、説教文学、滑稽譚(こっけいたん)(ファブリオー)、聖者伝そのほか、当時ヨーロッパに流行した文芸のあらゆるジャンルにわたる。しかし、この作品は単なる物語の寄せ集めではない。たとえば第1話「騎士の物語」は宮廷風恋愛の荘重・典雅なロマンスであるが、第2話の滑稽譚「粉屋の物語」は第1話のパロディーになっている。このように物語は互いに関連しながら進行し、従来の「枠物語」とは異なる構成をもち、個々の語り手には、それぞれの身分、境遇、趣味、性格にふさわしい物語が与えられる。作者は、しばしば鋭い風刺を発揮するが、総じて寛容とユーモアに満ち、人間の思想や行動の価値を謙虚に受け止めている。結尾の「取消しの文」は、「コンテンプトゥス・ムンディ」、すなわち作者の「現世否定」の思想を示すが、作品の世界では、むしろ現世に深い歓(よろこ)びを感じていた詩人の人間性が躍如としている。聖・俗二つの世界をそのまま容認する作者の精神が、中世の「人間喜劇」とも称すべきこの作品を創造しえたといえよう。

[安東伸介]

『西脇順三郎訳『カンタベリ物語』(『世界文学大系8』所収・1961・筑摩書房)』

[参照項目] | チョーサー

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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