Congenital rubella syndrome - Sentensei fuushinshoukougun (English spelling) Congenital RBella syndrome

Japanese: 先天性風疹症候群 - せんてんせいふうしんしょうこうぐん（英語表記）Congenital RBella syndrome

What is the disease?

When a pregnant woman who is not immune to the rubella virus contracts rubella during the early stages of pregnancy, the fetus becomes infected and the child suffers from a variety of congenital abnormalities.

What is the cause?

It is caused by the rubella virus and was first reported in 1941 by Australian ophthalmologist Gregg.

How symptoms manifest

In addition to low birth weight, eye abnormalities ( Cataracts ( Disclaimer ) , Glaucoma ( Powerful ) , Retinopathy ( Let's do it! ) , Microphthalmia ( Shogansho ) ), hearing loss, cardiac anomalies (patent ductus arteriosus, ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, etc.), central nervous system disorders (mental development delay ( Knowledge ) , Cerebral palsy ( Paralysis of the brain ) , Microcephaly ( Shooting ) There are those that leave permanent damage, such as thrombocytopenic Purpura ( Salary ) , Hepatosplenomegaly ( Sickle ) , hepatitis, hemolytic anemia, Bulging fontanel ( Daisenmonbouryu ) , Interstitial ( Observation ) Some conditions, such as pneumonia, are temporary after birth.

The degree and frequency of abnormalities depends on the relationship between the viral infection and the stage of pregnancy. The incidence of this disease is said to be 30-50% within the first 4 weeks of pregnancy, 25% at 5-8 weeks, 8% at 9-12 weeks, and 20% in the early stages of pregnancy.

Testing and diagnosis

For diagnosis, it is important to isolate the virus from the patient's sample (such as a throat swab), confirm high levels of IgM in the patient's serum, and confirm the presence of rubella-specific IgM antibodies.

Treatment and prevention methods

Treatment for congenital rubella syndrome is carried out for each malformation. The most important prevention is to receive the rubella vaccine in early childhood to build up immunity against the rubella virus.

What to do if you notice an illness

Consult a pediatrician who specializes in viral infections.

Kizo Asano

Source: Houken “Sixth Edition Family Medicine Encyclopedia” Information about the Sixth Edition Family Medicine Encyclopedia

Japanese:

どんな病気か

　風疹ウイルスに免疫のない妊婦が妊娠初期に風疹にかかることにより胎児が感染し、子どもに多様な奇形を生じる先天異常症です。

原因は何か

　風疹ウイルスが原因で、1941年オーストラリアの眼科医グレッグが初めて報告しています。

症状の現れ方

　低出生体重のほか、眼球異常（白内障(はくないしょう)、緑内障(りょくないしょう)、網膜症(もうまくしょう)、小眼症(しょうがんしょう)）、難聴、心奇形（動脈管開存症、心室中隔欠損症、肺動脈狭窄症など）、中枢神経障害（精神発達遅延(ちえん)、脳性麻痺(のうせいまひ)、小頭症(しょうとうしょう)など）など永久障害を残すものと、血小板減少性紫斑病(しはんびょう)、肝脾腫(かんひしゅ)、肝炎、溶血性(ようけつせい)貧血、大泉門膨隆(だいせんもんぼうりゅう)、間質性(かんしつせい)肺炎など生後一過性に認められるものがあります。