Sodium cyanide

Japanese: シアン化ナトリウム - しあんかなとりうむ(英語表記)sodium cyanide
Sodium cyanide

A cyanide of sodium. It is also called sodium cyanide or sodium cyanide. Traditionally, the main method of production was the Castner method, which uses metallic sodium, ammonia, and charcoal as raw materials, but in recent years, hydrocyanic acid (hydrocyanic acid) has become available cheaply and in large quantities, so a method of directly absorbing it into a sodium hydroxide solution has been used.

HCN + NaOH -> NaCN + H2O
It can be made into a liquid product as is, or concentrated or cooled and solidified to make a finished product. It is a colorless crystalline solid. It is deliquescent, dissolves easily in water, and its aqueous solution is strongly alkaline. It decomposes in acid to produce hydrogen cyanide. In an alkaline solution, it reacts with chlorine or sodium hypochlorite solution to convert to sodium cyanate and sodium chloride (both non-toxic). This reaction is used to treat cyanide waste liquid. It is used in the heat treatment of steel, gold and silver refining, gold, silver, lead plating, pesticides, etc., as well as in the manufacture of intermediates in organic synthesis and the synthesis of various cyanide compounds. Like potassium cyanide, it is extremely toxic, and sodium cyanide is actually the substance generally used in "potassium cyanide suicides."

[Torii Yasuo]

[References] | Cyanide compounds [Additional information] | Sodium cyanide (Data Note)
Treatment of cyanide waste liquid
©Shogakukan ">

Treatment of cyanide waste liquid


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ナトリウムのシアン化物。青酸ソーダ、青酸ナトリウムなどといわれる。従来は金属ナトリウム、アンモニアおよび木炭を原料とするカストナー法などが製造法の主流であったが、近年ではシアン化水素酸(青酸)が安価、多量に得られるようになったので、これを直接水酸化ナトリウム溶液に吸収させる方法が行われている。

  HCN+NaOH―→NaCN+H2O
そのまま液状品とするか、濃縮あるいは冷却固化して製品とされる。無色結晶性固体。潮解性で、水に溶けやすく、水溶液は強アルカリ性である。酸によって分解し、シアン化水素を発生する。アルカリ溶液中で塩素または次亜塩素酸ナトリウム溶液と反応してシアン酸ナトリウムと塩化ナトリウム(いずれも無毒)に変化する。この反応はシアン廃液の処理法として利用されている。鋼の熱処理、金、銀の精錬、金、銀、鉛などのめっき、農薬などに用いられるほか、有機合成の中間体の製造、各種シアン化合物の合成などに利用される。シアン化カリウムと同様、きわめて有毒で、一般に「青酸カリ自殺」のとき用いられるのは、実はシアン化ナトリウムであることが多い。

[鳥居泰男]

[参照項目] | 青酸化合物[補完資料] | シアン化ナトリウム(データノート)
シアン廃液の処理法
©Shogakukan">

シアン廃液の処理法


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Cyanic acid (English spelling)

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