Quanzhen Sect - Zenshinkyo

This is the most influential sect among the innovative new Taoist sects that arose in China from the end of the Northern Song Dynasty through the Jin and Yuan dynasties. Its founder was Wang Yan, whose Taoist name was Chongyang. Wang Yan was from Xianyang County in Shaanxi, and in his later years he went to the Shandong region to spread the teachings, taking as his disciple a local lord named Ma Congyi. This was Ma Danyang, who succeeded Quanzhen Sect after Wang Yan's death. Later, the sect received the so-called Seven Great Disciples of the Seven True Ones, including Qiu Chuji (Changchun Zhenjin), Tan Chuoduan, Wang Yuyang, Hao Guangning, Sun Funi, and Liu Changsheng. In particular, after Qiu Chuji gained the trust of the Mongolian dynasty, the sect expanded its influence throughout northern China, and as the leading sect of new Taoism, it became a sect on a par with the Zhengyi Sect of Heavenly Masters in Jiangnan. The doctrines and style of Quanzhen Sect are shown in the founder Wang Yan's "Fifteen Treatises on the Establishment of the Chongyang Sect," and in rejecting the superstitious magic and talismans of old Taoism, and aiming to attain enlightenment through introspection and self-cultivation, Quanzhen Sect is similar to Zen Buddhism. During the Yuan dynasty, the sect was defeated in a dispute with Buddhism, but it eventually recovered and after the Ming dynasty, it split into two sects, Zhengyikyo and Zhengjiao, and flourished especially in northern China. Baiyun Temple in Beijing is called the "No. 1 Quanzhen Monastery" and is its head temple.

[Sawada Mizuho]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、北宋(ほくそう)末から金(きん)・元(げん)代にかけて勃興(ぼっこう)した革新的な新道教諸派のうちもっとも有力な教団。開祖は王嚞(おうてつ)、道号は重陽(ちょうよう)。王嚞は陝西(せんせい)咸陽(かんよう)県の人で、晩年近く山東地方に出て布教に努め、当地の馬従義(ばじゅうぎ)という土豪を弟子とする。これが、王嚞の没後、全真教を継いだ馬丹陽(ばたんよう)である。その後、丘処機(きゅうしょき)（長春真人(ちょうしゅんしんじん)）、譚処端(たんしょたん)、王玉陽(おうぎょくよう)、郝広寧(かくこうねい)、孫不二(そんふに)、劉長生(りゅうちょうせい)など、いわゆる七真の七大弟子を収めた。とくに丘処機がモンゴル王朝の信任を得てからは華北に教勢を拡張し、新道教の筆頭として江南の正一(しょういつ)教天師道と並ぶ教団となった。全真教の教義宗風は開祖王嚞の『重陽立教十五論』に示されているが、旧道教の迷信的な呪術(じゅじゅつ)・符籙(ふろく)（御札）などを排し、内観と修養とによって悟道に達することを目的とするところは、仏教でいえば禅宗に近い。元代では一時は仏教との仏道論争に敗れたが、やがて立ち直り、明(みん)代以後は正一教と教勢を二分して、とくに華北に栄えた。北京(ペキン)の白雲観は「全真第一叢林(そうりん)」とよばれ、その大本山である。

［澤田瑞穂］

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例