This phenomenon occurs when a material rotates linearly polarized light to the left or right. A material with this property is called an optically rotatory material, and because they have the same composition but different structures, they are also called optical isomers or optically active substances. A typical example is tartaric acid. A polarimeter (also called a polarimeter) is used to measure optical rotation. A polarizer is placed behind the light source to produce linearly polarized light. When this is shone onto a sample, the polarized light component rotates depending on the material, and the emitted light appears dark. However, if the polarizer on the person measuring the light is rotated to the left or right, the light becomes brighter. This rotation angle is called α (alpha), where α is positive when viewed to the right (dextrorotatory) and negative when viewed to the left (levorotatory). Substances that exhibit optical rotation include sugars, potassium chlorate, and some complex compounds. Positive optical rotation is represented by d , negative optical rotation by l , and D- and L- are used to correspond to d and l , which indicate absolute configuration. shows the optical isomerism of alanine.[Takashi Shimozawa] [Reference item] | |The arrangement of the four functional groups (NH, CH, H, COOH ) is either left-handed or right-handed when viewed from the central carbon atom . Optical isomerism of alanine (Diagram) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
物質に直線偏光を入射したとき、物質がその光を左右いずれかに回転させる現象。このような性質をもつ物質を旋光性物質といい、組成が同じでも構造が異なる物質であることから、光学異性体または光学活性体ともいう。代表的な例は酒石酸である。 旋光性を測定するには旋光計(偏光計ともいう)を用いる。光源の後ろに偏光子を置き、直線偏光にする。これを試料に照射すると、物質によってはこの偏光成分が回転するために、出射光が暗く見える。しかし、測定者の側にある偏光子を左右いずれかに回転すると明るくなる。この回転角度をα(アルファ)とする、ただし、αは測定者から見て右回り(右旋性)のとき+、左回り(左旋性)のとき-とする。 旋光性を示す物質には糖類、塩素酸カリウム、一部の錯化合物などがある。+の旋光をd、-の旋光をlで表し、また絶対配置を示すd、lに対応させてD-、L-が用いられる。 はアラニンの光学異性を示す。[下沢 隆] [参照項目] | |中心にある炭素原子から見て、四つの官能基(NH、CH、H、COOH)の配置が左回りか右回りになっている©Shogakukan"> アラニンの光学異性〔図〕 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
<<: Photoflash lamp (Flash bulb) - Senkou denkyu (English spelling)
A practical method for sexual intercourse in the b...
The Committee on Post-War Currency and Foreign Exc...
Born: 21 October 1901, Guildford, Surrey [Died] Ju...
The largest city in the northwestern state of Punj...
… [Makoto Nishida]. … *Some of the terminology th...
Overview An Islamic republic in the Middle East. ...
…a secretory gland found in seabirds and marine r...
The southern half of the Kumamoto Plain is surrou...
A science that studies the structure and evolutio...
A river that flows through the western part of Ko...
…He was active from the late 8th century to the e...
This is one of Schubert's three great song cy...
…Simonetta Vespucci, a beautiful Florentine woman...
A French-born American conductor. He studied violi...
… [Europe] The nobility of ancient Rome did not h...