Election Administration Committee - Election Administration Committee

One of the administrative commissions in charge of managing and executing election affairs. It is called the Election Commission for short. It is established in prefectures and municipalities (including special wards). It is an independent body specially established under the current constitution to ensure the fairness of elections, replacing the governors and mayors who managed and executed elections under the Meiji Constitution. It has four members and a four-year term. They are selected from among those who have the right to vote in the assembly of each ordinary public body, along with an equal number of substitute members, but no two of them may belong to the same political party or other organization. Prefectural Election Commissions manage the election affairs of the House of Representatives, the House of Councilors (elected from electoral districts), prefectural assembly members, and governors, as well as managing the voting in various committee elections and direct petitions, and making decisions and rulings on disputes regarding these elections and voting. Municipal Election Commissions manage the affairs related to the elections of city, town, and village assembly members and mayors (Public Offices Election Act, Article 5).

The previous National Election Administration Committee was abolished in 1952, and currently, the election affairs for proportional representation members of the House of Representatives and the House of Councillors are the responsibility of the Central Election Administration Commission, an affiliated body of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. There are five commissioners, whose term of office is three years.

[Masaaki Ikeda]

"Series: Municipal Practice and Issues: Election Management Committees and Audit Secretariat, supervised by the Local Government Research Group of the National Institute of Local Government, and written by Kawasaki City Election Management Practice Research Group and others (1993, Gyosei)" ▽ "Easy-to-understand Public Offices Election Law for Practice and Training, written by Kunimi Otake (1996, Gyosei)" ▽ "Election Management Research Group, ed., 'Textbook on Election Management Affairs,' various annual editions (Chuohoki Publishing)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

選挙事務の管理執行を担当する行政委員会の一つ。選管と略称される。都道府県、市町村（特別区を含む）に置かれる。選挙の公正を確保するために、明治憲法下の選挙の管理執行にあたっていた知事および市町村長のかわりに、現行憲法下で特別に設けられた独立の機関であり、委員は4人、任期は4年である。各普通公共団体の議会において選挙権を有する者のなかから同数の補充員とともに選任されるが、そのなかの2人が同一の政党その他の団体に属する者であってはならない。都道府県選管は、衆議院、参議院（選挙区選出）、都道府県議会の議員および知事の選挙事務をそれぞれ管理するほか、各種委員選挙や直接請求における投票を管理し、またこれらの選挙・投票に関する争訟の決定・裁決などを行う。市町村選管は、市町村の議会の議員および市町村長の選挙に関する事務を管理する（公職選挙法5条）。

　なお、従前の全国選挙管理委員会は1952年（昭和27）に廃止され、現在、衆議院ならびに参議院の比例代表選出議員の選挙事務は、総務省の付属機関である中央選挙管理会の所管となっている。委員は5人、任期は3年。

［池田政章］

『自治大学校地方行政研究会監修、川崎市選挙管理実務研究会ほか著『シリーズ市町村の実務と課題　選挙管理委員会・監査事務局』（1993・ぎょうせい）』▽『大竹邦実著『実務と研修のためのわかりやすい公職選挙法』（1996・ぎょうせい）』▽『選挙管理研究会編『選挙管理事務テキスト』各年版（中央法規出版）』

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