The identification of objects such as surface structures and measurements of their size and shape based on photographs. It was developed with the invention of the camera by Frenchman L. Daguerre in 1839. At first, terrestrial photogrammetry was the main method, but with the development of aircraft, aerial photogrammetry has rapidly developed. Space and underwater photogrammetry are also being developed. In the usual method of photogrammetry, a pair of photographs is taken with 60% overlap, and a stereogram is used to plot and interpret the images using a stereographer or stereoscope. It is the standard method for producing medium-scale and large-scale maps. Photogrammetry has also been rapidly applied to fields other than traditional surveying, such as stereoscopic measurement of structures not intended for mapping, medical applications of stereoscopic photographs of the human body using X-ray fluoroscopy, and environmental monitoring using remote sensing to detect and record radiation other than the visible light range (such as heat rays). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
写真に基づいて,地表構造物などの被写体の判定,その大きさや形などの測定を行うこと。 1839年フランス人 L.ダゲールによるカメラの発明とともに発達。初めは地上写真測量が主であったが,航空機の発達によって航空写真測量が急速に発展してきた。宇宙や水中写真測量なども開発されつつある。写真測量の普通に行われる方式では,60%ずつ重複して撮影した写真から1対の写真を取出し,これを実体図化機や実体鏡で実体視しながら図化,判読する。中縮尺図や大縮尺図の作成の標準的方法となっている。写真測量は,地図作成を目的としない建造物の実体視測定,人体のX線透視による実体視写真像からの医学への応用,あるいは可視光線域以外の放射線 (たとえば熱線など) を感知記録するリモートセンシングによる環境モニタリングなどの,従来の測量以外の分野への応用もめざましく発展してきている。
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