A general term given to algae that secrete or deposit calcareous matter into their cell walls. This mainly includes about 400 species of red algae belonging to the Corallinaceae family (→ Corallinaceae), such as Ishigoromo and Kaninote, as well as green algae such as Kasanori, Fudenoho, Isoecystis, and Sabotengusa, and special cyanobacteria. They are particularly abundant on tropical coral islands. All of them accumulate large amounts of calcareous matter. Calcareous matter is generally rich in manganese. Red algae are buried in the calcareous matter, making it difficult to ascertain their internal structure and difficult to classify. Some species of cyanobacteria appeared in the Middle Archean Era of the Precambrian era, but fossils of red and green algae are known from strata from the Cambrian to the Holocene of the Quaternary Period, and species with complex structures appeared in the Ordovician Period of the Paleozoic Era. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
細胞壁に石灰質物を分泌または沈着している藻類に与えられた総称。イシゴロモやカニノテなどサンゴモ科(→サンゴモ)に属する約 400種の紅藻類を主に,カサノリ,フデノホ,イソスギナ,サボテングサなどの緑藻類や特殊な藍藻類がこれにあたる。特に熱帯のサンゴ島などに繁茂している。いずれも多量の石灰分を集積している。石灰質は一般にマンガンに富む。紅藻のものではその石灰質の中に埋もれたような構造をもっているので,内部の形態を確かめるのに容易でなく,その分類は困難である。藍藻類に属するものには,すでに先カンブリア時代の中期始生代に出現するものがあるが,紅藻や緑藻に属するものはカンブリア紀以降第四紀の完新世までの地層からの化石が知られ,古生代のオルドビス紀には複雑な体制を示すものが現れている。
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