It is a dark gray powder or small granule nitrogen fertilizer whose main component is calcium cyanamide CaCN2 , has a carbide (calcium carbide) odor, and is hygroscopic. It is produced by reacting carbide with nitrogen in a nitriding furnace. Lime nitrogen has the following characteristics not found in other fertilizers in various respects. (1) It is alkaline, its calcium content is roughly equal to that of calcium carbonate, and it has the effect of neutralizing soil acidity. (2) Its effectiveness as a nitrogen fertilizer is equivalent to that of ammonium sulfate (19% or more nitrogen) and is used as a basal fertilizer. The toxicity of the main components, cyanamide and dicyandiamide, to living organisms inhibits microbial activity, delaying the fertilizer effect somewhat. (3) Taking advantage of this toxicity, it is also used to control soil diseases and pests (such as crayfish, nematodes, and the pathogens of eggplant wilt and cabbage rot) and weeds. However, care must be taken because it inhibits germination when it comes into contact with seeds and causes leaves to wither. It is also harmful to humans, so care must be taken when spraying to avoid skin contact and inhalation. [Yuki Koyama] "Japan Calcium Nitrogen Industry Association, ed., '100 Years of Calcium Nitrogen Technology Progress' (2001)" [Reference] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
カルシウムシアナミドCaCN2を主成分とする暗灰色の粉末または小粒の窒素系の肥料で、カーバイド(炭化カルシウム)臭があり、吸湿性をもつ。窒化炉でカーバイドと窒素とを反応させて製造する。石灰窒素は種々の点で他の肥料にはみられない以下のような特徴がある。 (1)アルカリ性で、カルシウム含量はだいたい炭酸カルシウムと等しく、土壌の酸性を中和する効果がある。 (2)窒素肥料としての肥効は硫安と同等(窒素19%以上)で基肥として使用する。主成分のシアナミドおよびジシアンジアミドの生物に対する毒性により微生物の活動が抑制されて肥効が多少遅延する。 (3)この毒性を生かして土壌中の病虫害(ザリガニ、線虫、ナス立枯病やキャベツ腐敗病の病原菌など)や雑草の防除にも使われる。しかし、種子に接触すれば発芽を阻害し、葉にかかれば枯れるので、注意が必要である。また人体にも有害なので、散布時には皮膚に触れたり吸入しないよう心がけなくてはならない。 [小山雄生] 『日本石灰窒素工業会編・刊『石灰窒素100年技術の歩み』(2001)』 [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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